“…Wild water buffalo live in family groups that include cows, a dominant bull, and their dependent offspring of both sexes. This social pattern is observed in Bubalus arnee (Aryal et al, ; Heinen, ; Heinen & Singh, ) and Bubalus mindorensis (Ishihara et al, ; Kuehn, ). Bulls leave the mixed group around age 3 (Heinen, , p. 31; Tulloch, ; Table 8) and may live in bachelor groups of up to 10 individuals (Aryal et al, , p. 262) or 50 individuals (Kuehn, , p. 265).…”