Field Measurements of Helicopter Rotor Wash in Hover and Forward Flight

Teske, Milton E.; Kaufman, Andrew E.; George, C. W.; Johnson, Gregg M.

doi:10.2514/2.7576

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A single model is available for the estimation of air velocities associated with helicopter takeoffs and landings. (34) (These measurements are not made by the military.) The model was developed for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to estimate downwash and sidewash velocities associated with low-altitude hover and forward flight of helicopters used to spray pesticides or to spread water or fire retardants on forest fires.…”

Section: Air Movement Associated With Aircraft Takeoffs and Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: I. Planning the Analysis and Estimating Exposure

et al. 2001

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An ecological risk assessment framework for low-altitude aircraft overflights was developed, with special emphasis on military applications. The problem formulation and exposure analysis phases are presented in this article; an analysis of effects and risk characterization is presented in a companion article. The intent of this article is threefold: (1) to illustrate the development of a generic framework for the ecological risk assessment of an activity, (2) to show how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ecological risk assessment paradigm can be applied to an activity other than the release of a chemical, and (3) to provide guidance for the assessment of ecological risks from low-altitude aircraft overflights. The key stressor for low-altitude aircraft overflights is usually sound, although visual and physical (collision) stressors may also be significant. Susceptible and regulated wildlife populations are the major assessment endpoint entities, although plant communities may be impacted by takeoffs and landings. The exposure analysis utilizes measurements of wildlife locations, measurements of sound levels at the wildlife locations, measurements of slant distances from aircraft to wildlife, models that extrapolate sound from the source aircraft to the ground, and bird-strike probability models. Some of the challenges to conducting a risk assessment for aircraft overflights include prioritizing potential stressors and endpoints, choosing exposure metrics that relate to wildlife responses, obtaining good estimates of sound or distance, and estimating wildlife locations.

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Section: Air Movement Associated With Aircraft Takeoffs and Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: I. Planning the Analysis and Estimating Exposure

et al. 2001

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“…A single model for the air movement associated with low flights of various helicopters has been located (Teske and Kaufman 1997). The model is described in Sect.…”

Section: Mode Of Propagation Of Physical Effects (442)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single model for the air movement associated with low flights of various helicopters is known (Teske and Kaufman 1997). The model was developed for the USDA Forest Service to estimate downwash and sidewash velocities associated with low-altitude hover and forward flight of helicopters used to spray pesticides or to spread water or fire retardants on forest fires.…”

Section: Air Movement Associated With Takeoffs and Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low-Altitude Overflights by Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Military Aircraft

Efroymson¹

2001

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Modeling Aerially Applied Sprays: An Update to AGDISP Model Development

Teske¹,

Thistle²,

Fritz³

2019

Transactions of the ASABE

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Abstract. AGDISP (AGricultural DISPersal) models the release of aerially applied sprays with a Lagrangian-based droplet tracking algorithm initialized by user inputs (aircraft description, spray boom nozzle locations, drop size distribution, spray material properties, release height, and meteorology). The model offers an extensive set of output plots and toolbox options (deposition, spray block, stream, and multiple application assessments) to predict the downwind behavior of released sprays and assess their potential environmental impact. The model is used in risk analysis, operational planning, post-operation analysis, and training, particularly by the USDA Forest Service (FS) and its cooperators, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Department of Defense, and various other state and private entities. This article updates the further development of the model since 2003, including the implementation of a quadratic droplet evaporation model and its behavior as Reynolds number approaches zero, a more accurate time step algorithm tied to droplet settling velocity, an optical canopy model, a Gaussian model for far-field extension (downwind to 20 km), an Eulerian model for tracking volatile active spray material, and the Tier 1 ground and orchard assessments previously developed by the Spray Drift Task Force (SDTF). Keywords: Aerial application, AGDISP, Model, Spray drift.

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Field Measurements of Helicopter Rotor Wash in Hover and Forward Flight

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: I. Planning the Analysis and Estimating Exposure

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low‐Altitude Aircraft Overflights: I. Planning the Analysis and Estimating Exposure

Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Low-Altitude Overflights by Fixed-Wing and Rotary-Wing Military Aircraft

Modeling Aerially Applied Sprays: An Update to AGDISP Model Development

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