Field Findings From the Concealed Information Test in Japan

Osugi, Akemi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812729-2.00005-7

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this way, the result of the searching CIT can be used to find new evidence and streamline investigations. Osugi (10, 13) reported other practical examples in which the searching CIT has been applied.…”

Section: What the Cit Can Reveal In Criminal Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

2019

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Japan is the only country where the polygraph with the concealed information test (CIT) is widely applied to criminal investigations. The CIT can reveal whether an examinee has knowledge of specific details of a crime. Furthermore, the CIT can extract crime-relevant information that investigative organizations have not yet uncovered. This article introduces how Japanese polygraphers take advantage of the CIT in criminal investigations. We also describe how polygraphs with the CIT are currently used in court. Then we propose statistical discrimination methods that can be easily applied to CIT interpretation in the field. Appropriate application of the statistical values is discussed. We hope that this article will facilitate more active use of the CIT outside Japan.

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Section: What the Cit Can Reveal In Criminal Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

2019

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“…This either means that the searching CIT (irrespective of the measures used) should only be applied in very rare situations or that an item that covers all other possibilities should be included. The latter is done in Japan, the only country that uses the searching CIT on a large scale (Osugi, 2018). The effects of this practice have yet to be thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are you hiding? Initial validation of the reaction time‐based searching concealed information test

Koller

Hofer

Grolig

et al. 2020

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The reaction time-based concealed information test (RT-CIT) has been used to judge the veracity of an examinees claim to be naïve by using RTs to test for recognition of relevant details. Here, we explore the validity of the RT-CIT to generate new knowledge about the incident-the searching CIT. In a mock terrorism study (n = 60) the RT-CIT not only allowed to link suspects to known crime details, but also allowed to reveal new crime details well above chance. A simulation study confirms the potential of the searching RT-CIT and identifies conditions under which it performs best. We used an archival dataset that met these conditions (high CIT effect, large number of item repetitions), and found better item classification performance than in the mock terrorism study. The searching RT-CIT could be a new, promising investigative tool to reveal new (e.g., crime) details to the investigative party.

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“…If the location of the victims would then have been used as a critical detail in the CIT, it might have triggered a false positive outcome, since the CIT effect is driven by recognition instead of actual guilt. Several studies have examined the effects of information leakage on the outcome of the CIT and although their results are not entirely consistent, it seems that leakage of information to innocent suspects may significantly increase the rate of false-positives (for a review, see Bradley, Barefoot, & Arsenault, 2011;Osugi, 2018). Thus, leakage remains a major obstacle and it can be avoided only by adopting careful police investigation practices.…”

Section: Leakage Of Crime-related Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Detection: Past, Present, and Future

Geven

Ben‐Shakhar

Kindt

et al. 2019

The Palgrave Handbook of Deceptive Communication

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The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect the recognition of concealed knowledge in an interviewee by presenting a series of multiple-choice questions while measuring several psychophysiological (e.g., skin conductance) or behavioral (i.e., reaction times) responses. When a suspect consistently shows distinct responses to the critical (e.g., crime-related) items compared to the neutral control items, knowledge is inferred. This chapter provides an overview of memory detection using various response measures, including research findings and the underlying mechanisms. Although available data confirm the validity of the CIT, there is quite a gap between these laboratory studies and realistic criminal investigations. Possible ways to tackle challenges that lie ahead, including field validity, leakage of critical information to innocent suspects, and discovering intentions are discussed.

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Field Findings From the Concealed Information Test in Japan

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

Broadening the Use of the Concealed Information Test in the Field

What are you hiding? Initial validation of the reaction time‐based searching concealed information test

Memory Detection: Past, Present, and Future

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