Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. A joint investigation

Cooke, G. W.; Widdowson, F. V.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600030914

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…In two further sets of experiments on grassland (pH 5.5-6.5 and unlimed) similar results were obtained so further confirming the conclusions drawn by many other workers including Cooke and Widdowson , 5 Hammond' and Amberger . lo …”

Section: Source Of Rock Phosphatesupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparison of water‐insoluble phosphate fertilisers with superphosphate—a review

Davies¹

1984

J Sci Food Agric

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A series of experiments was carried out in England and Wales in the period 1972-1982, to compare the relative effectiveness of various commercially available water-insoluble phosphate fertilisers with that of superphosphate. Most of the trials were on permanent grassland, but a few used barley and swedes as test crops. Ground Gafsa rock P, although only approximately 50% as effective as superphosphate in the year of application, gave somewhat higher responses in the following (residual) 2 years on unlimed, acid grassland. In these circumstances, grinding finer than 150 pm did not appear to be worth the extra cost. Granulation of finely ground Gafsa rock P slightly reduced its effectiveness for grass in the first year, but markedly reduced its efficiency for cereals. Mixtures of medium grade basic slag and Moroccan rock P were only slightly inferior to high grade basic slag, but mixtures of low grade slag and ground rock P (Moroccan or Gafsa) were somewhat less effective than the finely ground Gafsa rock P, especially in the first year. Granulated ground underacidulated rock P (Gafsa or Moroccan), was as effective as very finely ground Gafsa rock P, however a bulk blend of granulated Gafsa rock P and triple superphosphate was more effective than Gafsa rock P, but less so than superphosphate in the first year. Calcined aluminium calcium P was the least effective of the fertilisers tested, being especially slow in action, and only 25% as effective as superphosphate in the first year.

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Section: Source Of Rock Phosphatesupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparison of water‐insoluble phosphate fertilisers with superphosphate—a review

Davies¹

1984

J Sci Food Agric

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“…The field experiments, done from 1951 to 1956, were described by Cooke (1956) and by Cooke & Widdowson (1959); they were collaborative work between the U.K. Advisory Services and Rothamsted Experimental Station.…”

Section: Experimental Sites Soils and Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results

Williams

Cooke

1962

J. Agric. Sci.

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Soil samples from 179 field experiments testing phosphate fertilizers on potatoes, swedes and grass were analysed for total phosphorus, and for phosphorus soluble in the following solutions: 0·3 N-HCl, 0·002 N-H2SO4, 1% citric acid (H3Ci), 0·5 N acetic acid (HAc), acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (HAc-NaAc) at pH 4·8, 0·5 M-NaHCO3, and 0·01 M CaCl2.Average values for soluble P were closely related to average crop responses to superphosphate in the experiments on swedes, but not in the grass and potato experiments. The extractants that differentiated best between responsive and unresponsive groups of experiments were HAc, HAc-NaAc, and NaHCO3 for potatoes, and HCl, H2S04, HAc–NaAc, NaHCO3 and CaCl2 for grass.For the experiments as a whole 0·5 M-NaHCO3 was the ‘best’ extractant. The HCl, H2SO4, and HAc-NaAc buffer solution methods were roughly equally effective, though inferior to NaHCO3; the other three extractants (HAc, H3Ci, CaCl2) were of little general use. Total P in soil was also related to response to superphosphate, though less well than values for soluble P obtained by the better methods.Estimates of soluble P by different solvents were often related. Estimates by HCl and H2SO4 methods were most closely related; values for P soluble in H2SO4 and in HAc-NaAc were also often significantly correlated, as were estimates by HAc–NaAc and CaCl2. The H3Ci and CaCl2 methods gave results that were least related to those with other methods.The use of soil analyses in advising on P-manuring is discussed and a tentative method is proposed of establishing the analytical limits for soluble P that define ‘deficient’ soils. If the confidence attached to the limiting values that separate ‘deficient’ and ‘non-deficient’ soils is stated, farmers will be able to assess the risk entailed in accepting advice based on soil analysis.

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“…These same slow-release characteristics, however, generally make reactive phosphate rocks poorly suited for use in intensive arable systems where rapid crop growth and P uptake occur over a relatively short time period. Crop species have, however, been shown to differ significantly in their ability to use phosphate rocks effectively as P sources (Cooke and Widdowson 1959;Van Raij and Van Diest 1979;Haynes 1988). Such differences have generally been attributed to the effects of species and their nutrient uptake patterns on rhizosphere pH (Haynes 1988) since a decrease in soil pH favours dissolution of the phosphate rock (Khasawneh and Doll 1978) and therefore increased uptake of rock-derived P. 205…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative ability of a range of crop species to use phosphate rock and monocalcium phosphate as P sources when grown in soil

Haynes¹

1992

J Sci Food Agric

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Abstract:Glasshouse experiments were conducted to compare the ability of a range of crop species to use the medium reactive Jordan phosphate rock (JPR), the highly reactive North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) and the highly soluble monocalcium phosphate (MCP) as P sources in a P-deficient silt loam when supplied with nitrate-N. Growth of wheat and barley resulted in excess anion uptake, a consequent rise in rhizosphere pH and yield increased in the following order: control c JPR c NCPR c MCP. Growth of buckwheat resulted in excess cation uptake, and as a result it used NCPR as effectively as MCP; the yield order was as follows: control c JPR < NCPR = MCP. Lupin, when supplied with nitrate, raised its rhizosphere pH and yield followed the same order as that for wheat and barley: control < JPR < NCPR c MCP. In contrast, when not supplied with nitrate and relying substantially on biological N, fixation, lupin absorbed a cation excess, lowered rhizosphere pH and the yield order was control < JPR = NCPR = MCP. Although rape and kale absorbed an anion excess and raised rhizosphere pH they were surprisingly effective at using phosphate rock as a P source; the yield order was control < JPR = MCP < NCPR. This was attributed to the known ability of rape to acidify its rhizosphere in a localised area just behind the root tip in response to P deficiency. The opportunity appears to exist for the strategic use of phosphate rock at times within arable rotations when species are present that can effectively use such P sources.

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Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers. A joint investigation

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of water‐insoluble phosphate fertilisers with superphosphate—a review

Comparison of water‐insoluble phosphate fertilisers with superphosphate—a review

Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results

Relative ability of a range of crop species to use phosphate rock and monocalcium phosphate as P sources when grown in soil

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