Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results

Williams, R. J. B.; Cooke, G. W.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600015318

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…a n c l Williams & Cooke (1965) showed that extraction with sodium bicarbonate (Olsen et al 1954) Many chemical extractants have been used in was superior to most other extractants they tested, attempts to characterize soils according to their Boyd (1965), summarizing National Agricultural content of plant-available phosphorus (Mattingly& Advisory Service (now Agricultural Development Talibudeen, 1967;Kamprath & Watson, 1980) and and Advisory Service (ADAS)) experiments, their likely response to fresh P fertilizer dressings showed that this method alone, or when allowance (Lorenz & Vittum, 1980). In experiments in was also made for soil type, accounted for between England and Wales, Warren & Johnston (1965) 37 and 50% of the variance of the P responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

et al. 1986

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During 1899-1964 various levels of 0-5 M sodium bicarbonate-soluble P had been established in an experiment on a sandy clay loam (pH 6-5-7-0) at Saxmundham, Suffolk. Modification made between 1965 and 1968 widened the range of soluble P values to 3-67 mg/kg. Relationships between these soluble P values and yields of potatoes and sugar beet in 1969-74 and cereals in 1970-7 were assessed. Responses by potatoes and sugar beet to freshly applied superphosphate were also determined at each level of soluble P. Residual effects of these dressings and responses to fresh superphosphate between 1974 and 1976 were measured by barley. Two amounts of N were tested on spring barley in 1976-7 and two cultivars of winter wheat were grown in 1977 and yields related to soluble P.Relationships between yields and soluble P were described by an asymptotic regression equation. This model represented the measured yields well for all crops except barley, in one 4-year-period, when there were insufficient data at low soil P values and a linear regression model was fitted. The asymptotic model was used to estimate plateau yields each year and soluble P values at which yields were less than plateau values by one standard error. Average plateau yields, and associated soluble P values were: potatoes, 43 t/ha and 25 mg P/kg; sugar (from sugar beet) 6-8 t/ha and 20 mg P/kg; spring barley, given 63 kg N/ha, 4-7 t/ha and 25 mg P/kg; barley given 94 kg N/ha, 5-3 t/ha and 33 mg P/kg; winter wheat, 6-5 t/ha and 20 mg P/kg.The model was further used to estimate responses to dressings of superphosphate at three levels of soluble P (9, 15 and 25 mg/kg) in the soils. Yield responses to 55 kg P/ha were 3-9, 2-1 and 1-8 t tubers/ha and 1-1, 0-3 and 0-0 t sugar/ha, for potatoes and sugar beet respectively, at the three levels of soluble P.On impoverished soils (soluble P < 10 mg/kg) even the largest fresh applications of broadcast superphosphate did not raise yields to those achieved on enriched soils (soluble P > 25 mg P/kg) in the absence of fresh phosphate.Soluble P in the soils accounted for much of the within-year variation of yields and estimated reliably and quantitatively the value of phosphate residues derived from both superphosphate and farmyard manure which had been applied in varying amounts and at different times between 1899 and 1976.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

et al. 1986

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“…Such studies have been reported by many workers for distinct regions. For example, Williams and Cooke (1962) compared eight methods on soils from 179 field trials with phosphate on potatoes, swedes, and grass in England.…”

Section: Introduction 893mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of plant response to fertilisers by means of soil tests

Grigg¹

1965

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Results from rates of phosphate trials on potatoes grown on some recent and gley recent soils derived from greywacke alluvium were used to assess the ability of several methods of measuring available phosphorus to predict responses to phosphatic fertilisers.The relative yield of the control plots as a percentage of the maximum yield was used as the criteripn of response. Relative yields correlated well with the levels of aluminium-and calcium-bound phosphorus in those soils.The phosphorus extractants which were compared gave correlations with relative yields in the decreasing order: Bray No.2, Bray No.1, Olsen, Resin-exchange beads (24-hour), Truog, Resin exchange membrane, Egner-Riehm, Resin-exchange beads (two-hour).Since potatoes continue to absorb phosphorus during the whole of their growth period, a measure of the capacity of the soil to provide phosphorus throughout the growing season is required. The Bray No.2 method, especially when modified to five minutes extraction at a soil : solution ratio of 1 : 50, appears to fulfil this condition, more particularly because it extracts predominantly the aluminium-bound and the calciumbound soil phosphorus.

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“…b e e n d e v e l o P e d and related to crop response, e.g. Williams & Cooke (1962), Tolman, Johnson & The late E. M. Crowther made a comprehensive Gaddie (1956). Olsen et al (1954) used sodium study of the relationship between soil phosphorus bicarbonate solution to extract the ' available' soil and response by sugar beet to phosphate fertilizer phosphorus; this method should be especially suit-(reported by Warren .…”

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The relationship between soil phosphorus and response by sugar beet to phosphate fertilizer on mineral soils

1971

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Results of two groups of experiments testing phosphate fertilizer for sugar beet were re-examined; there were 53 experiments made between 1957 and 1960 in group 1 and 25 experiments between 1957 and 1959 in group 2. The mean response of total sugar to 126 kg/ha P a O 6 was only 160 kg/ha but on a few fields response exceeded 1000 kg/ha. Response seemed to be greater in 1958 than in the other years, but between-site variance accounted for most of the difference from year to year.Stored soil samples were analysed for phosphorus by four methods; the results were compared and related to the yield response to phosphate fertilizer. After allowing for experimental error, the percentages of the between-sites variance of the responses accounted for by log (soil P) were (group 1 first): sodium bicarbonate, 60 and 62 %; anion resin, 52 and 30%; ammonium acetate/acetic acid, 52 and 0%; and calcium chloride, 42 and 2 %. When soil pH was included in the regression equation, prediction of response by anion resin much improved and equalled that of sodium bicarbonate. Ammonium acetate/acetic acid was ineffective on soils with much free calcium carbonate.As two-thirds of the soils had sodium bicarbonate-soluble phosphorus concentrations between 15 and 45 ppm P with mean response 65 kg/ha sugar, there is only limited scope for increasing the profitability of the crop by improving P manuring. However, more P fertilizer can be recommended for the few soils with =S 10 ppm P and P fertilizer can be withheld from fields with more than 45 ppm. The dressings we recommend are 180, 120, 60, 30 and 0 kg/ha P 2 O 5 (approximately 1-5, 1-0, 0-5, 0-25 and 0 cwt/acre P 2 O 6 ) on soils with < 10, 11-15, 16-25, 26-45 and ^45 ppm sodium bicarbonatesoluble P respectively.

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Measuring soluble phosphorus in soils, comparisons of methods, and interpretation of results

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

Effects of soil and fertilizer P on yields of potatoes, sugar beet, barley and winter wheat on a sandy clay loam soil at Saxmundham, Suffolk

Prediction of plant response to fertilisers by means of soil tests

The relationship between soil phosphorus and response by sugar beet to phosphate fertilizer on mineral soils

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