Field Evaluation of PCR Assays for the Diagnosis of Tropical Theileriosis in Cattle and Water Buffaloes in Egypt

Mahmmod, Yasser S.; El-Balkemy, F.A.; Yuan, Zhaoxia; El-Mekkawy, M.; Monazie, A. M.; Zhu, Xiaoxian

doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.696.699

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1 Piroplasmic forms of T. annulata in a microscopic field by Giemsa staining method Saeid et al (2013) found that 68 of 150 (45.33 %) of the carrier cattle were positive by PCR. The results obtained in our study indicates that PCR is more efficient in detecting theileriosis than the conventional staining technique and is in agreement with previous studies (Mahmmod et al 2010;Roy et al 2000;Hooghooghi et al 2011) and Saeid et al (2013). Bilgic et al (2013) developed a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of T. annulata, Babesia bovis, Anaplasma marginale and found this to be an effective diagnostic tool.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The figure obtained in the current study is similar to the findings of Hoghooghi et al (2011) who showed the prevalence of theileriosis to be 6.25 % (10 positive cases out of 160 samples) by the staining method. The prevalence of Theileria infection by PCR assay was found to be 70 % (21 out of 30) while by Giemsa staining method was 30 % (9 out of 30) in a study conducted by Mahmmod et al (2010); Roy et al (2000) also reported that the number of positive cases of theileriosis out of 50 blood Fig. 1 Piroplasmic forms of T. annulata in a microscopic field by Giemsa staining method Saeid et al (2013) found that 68 of 150 (45.33 %) of the carrier cattle were positive by PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Detection of theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction

Kundave

Patel

et al. 2013

J Parasit Dis

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Bovine tropical theileriosis caused by Theileria annulata is a tick-borne disease of great economic importance in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present study was undertaken to detect theilerosis in cattle and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The diagnosis of theileriosis is usually carried out by blood smear staining technique, which is not sufficiently sensitive to detect the piroplasms in the carrier animals. In this study, a total of 116 samples were collected from infected as well as apparently healthy cattle and buffaloes. Screening of blood smears by Giemsa staining detected 15 samples (12.93 %) positive for Theileria piroplasms out of 116 samples. However, the PCR based screening using the specific primers from the major merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen sequence of T. annulata (Tams1) gene detected 74 samples (63.79 %) positive for T. annulata which included 59 samples found negative by Giemsa staining. Our study suggests that the PCR based screening is more sensitive and accurate method for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Detection of theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction

Kundave

Patel

et al. 2013

J Parasit Dis

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“…However, the diagnosis of piroplasm infections was based on clinical findings and microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears. According to Mahmmod et al (2010), this method is not sensitive enough or sufficiently specific to detect chronic carriers, particularly when mixed infections occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acaricidal efficacy against cattle ticks and acute oral toxicity of Lippia javanica (Burm F.) Spreng

Madzimure

Nyahangare

Hamudikuwanda

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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In search for low-cost, safe and environmentally benign plant-based alternatives to commercial pesticides, the efficacy of Lippia javanica aqueous leaf extracts in controlling ticks on cattle, acute oral toxicity in mice and phytochemistry were evaluated. L. javanica aqueous leaf extracts at 10% and 20% w/v were effective at controlling cattle ticks but not as good as an amitraz-based acaricide Tickbuster®. However, they can provide an effective tick control option where synthetic products are unavailable or unaffordable, particularly in remote parts of southern Africa. Peripheral blood samples collected showed no haemoparasites in treated cattle implying that animals did not suffer from clinical tick-borne diseases. The leaf aqueous extracts of L. javanica were tested for toxicity in BALB/c mice. While anecdotal evidence suggests L. javanica has low mammalian toxicity, within 48 h all mice fed with the L. javanica leaf aqueous extract at 12.5-37.5% v/v were lethargic, and overall mortality was 37.5% (n=24). Thus, despite their apparent safety, water extracts of L. javanica leaves may have deleterious health implications on humans and animals if consumed at very high doses. Many compounds have been identified from L. javanica including an array of phenolic glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils but none of these are known to have acute toxic properties.

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“…Azizi et al (2008) reported the positive infection rate of 140 carrier cattle was 40 % by PCR and only 8.1 % by Giemsa staining method. In another study in Egypt, Mahmmod et al (2010) Tavassoli et al (2011), a number of Hyalomma species such as H. anatulicum anatulicum, H. asiaticum asiaticum, H. implanatum, H. detritum, H. anatulicum excavatum, and other tick spices such as Rhipicephalus spp., Hemaphysalis spp. and D. marginatus have been isolated from cattle in West and North West Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on infection rate, vectors and molecular identification of Theileria annulata in cattle from North West, Iran

Yamchi

Tavassoli

2014

J Parasit Dis

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Tropical theileriosis is a progressive bovine lymphoproliferative disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. In this study 138 blood samples and 289 ticks were collected and examined from cattle that belonged to 10 randomly selected flocks. The Tbs-S/Tbs-A primer set was used for PCR amplification of Theileria spp. and the Ta-S/Tbs-A specific primer set was used in semi-nested PCR technique for detection of T. annulata. Blood smears of each case were examined by Giemsa staining method. The semi-nested PCR accurately revealed 22 (15.94 %) positive samples; whereas Giemsa staining method could detect 15 (10.86 %) out of 138 blood samples. The examination of 289 ticks by semi-nested PCR revealed that, 32.86 % of Hyalomma anatulicum anatulicum, 26.47 % of Hyalomma anatulicum excavatum and 22.42 % of Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum, were infected with T. annulata. The results suggest that H. anatulicum anatolicum may play a major role in transmission of T. annulata infection in Iran. The results indicated that the Giemsa staining method, having low sensitivity, while the semi-nested PCR technique can be used as a gold standard method for this purpose.

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Field Evaluation of PCR Assays for the Diagnosis of Tropical Theileriosis in Cattle and Water Buffaloes in Egypt

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Detection of theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction

Detection of theileriosis in cattle and buffaloes by polymerase chain reaction

Acaricidal efficacy against cattle ticks and acute oral toxicity of Lippia javanica (Burm F.) Spreng

Survey on infection rate, vectors and molecular identification of Theileria annulata in cattle from North West, Iran

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