Field evaluation of biocontrol agents against black‐foot and Petri diseases of grapevine

Abstract

BACKGROUND Black‐foot and Petri diseases are the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Two field experiments were established to evaluate the preventive effect of two potential biocontrol agents (BCAs), that is Streptomyces sp. E1 + R4 and Pythium oligandrum Po37, and three BCA‐commercial products containing Trichoderma atroviride SC1, Trichoderma koningii TK7 and Pseudomonas fluorescens + Bacillus atrophaeus on fungal infection in grafted plants and plant growth parameters. RESULTS The effectiveness of some BCA in reducing the incidence and severity of both diseases was dependent on the plant part analyzed and the plant age. No single BCA application was able to control both diseases. Streptomyces sp. E1 + R4 were able to reduce significantly the infection of the most prevalent black‐foot disease fungi while P. oligandrum Po37 and Trichoderma spp. were able to reduce significantly Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum (Petri disease) infection. BCA treatments had no effect on the shoot weight, and root weight was significantly lower in all BCA treatments with respect to the control. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the disease‐suppressive activity of two or more beneficial microbes in a biocontrol preparation is required to prevent infection by black‐foot and Petri disease fungi in vineyards.

In planta Activity of Novel Copper(II)-Based Formulations to Inhibit the Esca-Associated Fungus Phaeoacremonium minimum in Grapevine Propagation Material

“…(Di Marco et al, 2004;Di Marco and Osti, 2007;Pertot et al, 2016;Berbegal et al, 2020) and Streptomyces spp. (Álvarez-Pérez et al, 2017;Martínez-Diz et al, 2021) and by other wound protection products (Díaz and Latorre, 2013) and foliar treatments to reduce the severity of leaf symptoms (Calzarano et al, 2014;Calzarano and Di Marco, 2018).…”

On the Applicability of Chitosan Oligomers-Amino Acid Conjugate Complexes as Eco-Friendly Fungicides against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

“…In order to comply with the European legislation currently in force (Article 14 in European Directive 2009/128/EC), the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) methods has become a priority objective in plant disease control worldwide. The efforts oriented towards the selection and/or development of rootstocks and varieties with certain levels of tolerance against different trunk mycoses have not been successful to date [11][12][13][14][15][16], and the use of strategies involving endophytic microorganisms as microbial antagonists (BCAs) obtains a certain degree of protection, but no single BCA application has been able to control GTDs at similar rates to those shown by chemical fungicides, which are now banned [17]. Hence, other alternative/complementary strategies have to be explored and improved, such as the application of substances of natural origin that are safe, effective and sustainable from an environmental point of view [18].…”

The Influence of Temperature on the Growth, Sporulation, Colonization, and Survival of Trichoderma spp. in Grapevine Pruning Wounds

“…However, on the contrary, studies carried out with some commercial Trichoderma-based bioproducts concluded that they did not show a good plant colonization ability under the selected conditions [28]. Similar controversial results have been reported for other non-fungal biological control agents, as in the case of Streptomyces [25,87]. These data show how important it is to continue studying the biotic and abiotic factors that affect the success of a good colonization as a key step to a good biocontrol activity.…”

“…In addition, no positive effects were obtained in relation to the shoot and root weight in grapevine plants including a non-significant reduction in symptoms caused by black foot disease (caused by Dactylonectria torresensis, Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Ilyonectria liriodendri, and Dactylonectria alcacerensis) and Petri disease (caused by Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora) and diseases in all BCAs assayed such as Trichoderma, Streptomyces, Pythium, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus spp. [25]. Different Trichoderma bio-formulated-based treatments applied on grapevine roots reduced their weight significantly during the first year, and these fungi were not able to prevent infections caused by the black foot disease pathogens identified as Campylocarpon spp., Dactylionectria, Ilyonectria spp., and Ilyonectria liriodendri [26].…”