Field emission from carbon nanotubes and its application to electron sources

Saito, Yahachi; Uemura, Sashiro

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(99)00139-6

Cited by 664 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These are advantages over tungsten and molybdenum tip arrays, which require a vacuum of 10 Ϫ10 torr and are more difficult to fabricate (55). Nanotubes provide stable emission, long lifetimes, and low emission threshold potentials (47,50). Current densities as high as 4 A/cm 2 have been obtained, compared with the 10 mA/cm 2 needed for flat panel field emission displays and the Ͼ0.5 A/cm 2 required for microwave power amplifier tubes (56 ).…”

Section: Field Emission Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Baughman¹,

Zakhidov

Heer

2002

Science

9,721

5,713

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Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of April 23, 2007 ):The following resources related to this article are available online at Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.

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Section: Field Emission Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Baughman¹,

Zakhidov

Heer

2002

Science

9,721

5,713

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“…[1][2][3] Its relative low electron escaping work, 3,4 very sharp tip curvature of several nanometers, and very stable structure under high electric field 5 enable it to be a very promising material of the electron emission source. For a high quality field emission display device, it is critical to provide a good electron emitter that has enough lateral uniformity and time endurance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing local electric field distribution of nanotube arrays using electrostatic force microscopy

Zhang

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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The local electric field distribution of nanotube arrays has been studied by using the electrostatic force microscopy ͑EFM͒ technique. The nanotube arrays were fabricated using the anodic alumina template method. Good electric contact has been proofed using contact mode conductive atomic force microscopy. The experiment shows that the EFM can provide a quantitative mapping tool to measure three-dimensional distribution of local electric field with resolution down to several nanometers. The finite difference method has been applied to calculate the electric field distribution near the surface of the nanotube array induced by a conductive tip. The results show that the field decays in a power law with exponent varies for nanotubes of different packing environments as the tip was lifted away from the top of nanotubes. The protrusion of nanotubes causes a much higher enhanced field than packing geometry. Medium packing density may enable the maximum collective emission current for such nanotube arrays of narrow diameter and height diversity.

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“…Related studies have focused on exploring highly efficient field-emitting materials and their nanotechnology [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Although the field emitters reported to date require a threshold electric field (E th ) of 2∼3 V/µm at minimum to produce a technologically useful current density of 10 mA/cm 2 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], it is important to lower the E th to achieve practically applicable field electron emitters that operate with a low power consumption.…”

Section: B Towards Highly Efficient Field Electron Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid between Carbon Nanotube and Inorganic Material towards Nanodevice Application

Katayama

Honda

Ikuno

et al. 2004

e-J. Surf. Sci. Nanotech.

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In this review, we demonstrate the device-oriented synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), by taking an energy storage device and a field electron emitter as examples. As one of the most desirable approaches to fabricating nanostructured hybrids between carbon nanotubes and inorganic materials, we present a method of coating carbon nanotubes with inorganic materials in multishell form, and its application to nanoprobe fabrication.

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Field emission from carbon nanotubes and its application to electron sources

Cited by 664 publications

References 50 publications

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Probing local electric field distribution of nanotube arrays using electrostatic force microscopy

Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid between Carbon Nanotube and Inorganic Material towards Nanodevice Application

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