Field-Effect Transistors for Gas Sensing

Yoshizumi, Toshihiro; Miyahara, Yuji

doi:10.5772/intechopen.68481

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Field–effect transistor (FET) is another type of device with high utility in chemical sensing. , FET devices consist of source and drain electrodes, a semiconductive material channel, an insulating gate oxide, and a gate electrode (Figure ). The current flows through the contact terminals via the channel (called the drain current, I DS ) that can be modulated by an electric field perpendicular to the semiconductor originating from a voltage ( V GS ) applied to the gate electrode and the source.…”

Section: Electrically-transduced Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their performance is governed by the intrinsic properties of the channel material, such as the work function, carrier mobility, and band gap, of which, band gap is the most important parameter in engineering sensor performance . Depending on the geometry of the devices, the type of a semiconductor (p-type vs n-type), the nature of the analyte (reducing vs oxidizing), the quality/morphology of the sensing materials, and physio-chemical interactions, including hydrogen bonding, charge transfer, hydrophobic interactions, and dipole–dipole interactions, can contribute to the modulation of electrical conductivity in the 2D nanomaterial. , The interactions between the analyte and semiconductor can induce a change in Fermi-level and thus alter the height of a Schottky barrier. These interactions can also involve a change in electronic coupling along the charge carrier transfer path in the semiconductor, which is attributed to morphological changes or interactions at grain boundaries .…”

Section: Electrically-transduced Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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Electrically−transduced sensors, with their simplicity and compatibility with standard electronic technologies, produce signals that can be efficiently acquired, processed, stored, and analyzed. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including graphene, phosphorene (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and others, have proven to be attractive for the fabrication of high−performance electricallytransduced chemical sensors due to their remarkable electronic and physical properties originating from their 2D structure. This review highlights the advances in electricallytransduced chemical sensing that rely on 2D materials. The structural components of such sensors are described, and the underlying operating principles for different types of architectures are discussed. The structural features, electronic properties, and surface chemistry of 2D nanostructures that dictate their sensing performance are reviewed. Key advances in the application of 2D materials, from both a historical and analytical perspective, are summarized for four different groups of analytes: gases, volatile compounds, ions, and biomolecules. The sensing performance is discussed in the context of the molecular design, structure−property relationships, and device fabrication technology. The outlook of challenges and opportunities for 2D nanomaterials for the future development of electrically-transduced sensors is also presented.

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Section: Electrically-transduced Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrically-transduced Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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“…Field Effect Transistor (FET)-type gas sensors are known for their small size, low power consumption, and high stability [ 110 , 111 ]. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanowires, graphene, and transition metal chalcogenides are used to enhance their properties [ 112 ]. Yu et al developed a gas-sensitive field-effect transistor with ZnO nanorods for non-invasive diabetes detection at room temperature [ 113 ].…”

Section: Sensing Methodologies For Breath Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…properties [112]. Yu et al developed a gas-sensitive field-effect transistor with ZnO nanorods for non-invasive diabetes detection at room temperature [113].…”

Section: Fet Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled Breath Analysis for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring: Relevance, Challenges and Possibilities

et al. 2021

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With the global population prevalence of diabetes surpassing 463 million cases in 2019 and diabetes leading to millions of deaths each year, there is a critical need for feasible, rapid, and non-invasive methodologies for continuous blood glucose monitoring in contrast to the current procedures that are either invasive, complicated, or expensive. Breath analysis is a viable methodology for non-invasive diabetes management owing to its potential for multiple disease diagnoses, the nominal requirement of sample processing, and immense sample accessibility; however, the development of functional commercial sensors is challenging due to the low concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath and the confounding factors influencing the exhaled breath profile. Given the complexity of the topic and the skyrocketing spread of diabetes, a multifarious review of exhaled breath analysis for diabetes monitoring is essential to track the technological progress in the field and comprehend the obstacles in developing a breath analysis-based diabetes management system. In this review, we consolidate the relevance of exhaled breath analysis through a critical assessment of current technologies and recent advancements in sensing methods to address the shortcomings associated with blood glucose monitoring. We provide a detailed assessment of the intricacies involved in the development of non-invasive diabetes monitoring devices. In addition, we spotlight the need to consider breath biomarker clusters as opposed to standalone biomarkers for the clinical applicability of exhaled breath monitoring. We present potential VOC clusters suitable for diabetes management and highlight the recent buildout of breath sensing methodologies, focusing on novel sensing materials and transduction mechanisms. Finally, we portray a multifaceted comparison of exhaled breath analysis for diabetes monitoring and highlight remaining challenges on the path to realizing breath analysis as a non-invasive healthcare approach.

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“…The results of the analysis show that despite the fundamental limits of charged-based BioFETs 8,10 , the NC-BioFET can improve the limits of label-free detection of biomolecules. Although we focus on nanobiosensing, the principle of negative capacitance based detection is general and can improve, for example, the SNR of potentiometric transistorbased gas sensor 25 . field-effect transistor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional MoS2 negative capacitor transistors for enhanced (super-Nernstian) signal-to-noise performance of next-generation nano biosensors

Zagni

Pavan

Alam

2019

Applied Physics Letters

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The successful detection of biomolecules by a Field Effect Transistor-based biosensor (BioFET) is dictated by the sensor's intrinsic Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The detection limit of a traditional BioFET is fundamentally limited by biomolecule diffusion, charge screening, linear charge to surface-potential transduction, and Flicker noise. In this paper, we demonstrate that the recently introduced transistor technology called Negative Capacitor Field effect transistor (NCFET) offers nonlinear charge transduction and suppression of Flicker noise to dramatically improve the SNR over classical Boltzmann sensors. We quantify the SNR improvement by interpreting the experimental results associated with the signal and noise characteristics of 2D MoS2-based transistors. The combined sensitivity enhancement and noise rejection guarantee a high SNR of the NC-BioFET, making this device a promising candidate for realizing advanced integrated nanobiosensors. KEYWORDS 2D MoS2 FETs, Negative Capacitor Transistors, Nano Biosensors, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Nonlinear response, SensitivityMany research groups worldwide are focused on developing highly sensitive, fast responding, and selective transistor-based biosensors. These sensors, known as BioFETs, allow label-free detection of biomolecules with the Limit of Detection (LOD) in the nano-and pico-molar concentration ranges 1 , potentially enabling many applications in personalized medicine 2 , early detection of diseases 3 , genome sequencing 4,5 , etc. A BioFET relies on the modulation of surface potential due to the charged biomolecules adsorbed on the gate electrode. Thus, the fundamental sensitivity limit of BioFETs depends on the diffusion of biomolecules 6 , surface charge screening, and linear "charge-to-surface potential" relationship 7 . These limitations apply to all FET-based biosensors, e.g. Dual-Gate FET 8 ; Silicon Nanowire *

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Field-Effect Transistors for Gas Sensing

Cited by 10 publications

References 72 publications

Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Electrically-Transduced Chemical Sensors Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Exhaled Breath Analysis for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring: Relevance, Challenges and Possibilities

Two-dimensional MoS2 negative capacitor transistors for enhanced (super-Nernstian) signal-to-noise performance of next-generation nano biosensors

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