Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Abstract

During recent years, field-effect transistor biosensors (Bio-FET) for biomedical applications have experienced a robust development with evolutions in FET characteristics as well as modification of bio-receptor structures. This review initially provides contemplation on this progress by analyzing and summarizing remarkable studies on two aforementioned aspects. The former includes fabricating unprecedented nanostructures and employing novel materials for FET transducers whereas the latter primarily synthesizes compact molecules as bio-probes (antibody fragments and aptamers). Afterwards, a future perspective on research of FET-biosensors is also predicted depending on current situations as well as its great demand in clinical trials of disease diagnosis. From these points of view, FET-biosensors with infinite advantages are expected to continuously advance as one of the most promising tools for biomedical applications.

Development of high affinity monobodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigen

“…By conjugating the monobodies with gold nanoparticles, LFIA strips can detect the existence of N in biological samples through simple visualization. Miniature devices like nanobiosensors have also attracted great attention due to their short detection time, high sensitivity and accuracy for real time analysis with small amounts of samples (Lee et al, 2008;Noah and Ndangili, 2019;Singh et al, 2016;Vu and Chen, 2019). The number of immobilized binders is a critical factor determining the performance of sensors.…”

“…Thirdly, the application of antibodies is usually limited to close to physiological conditions due to the lack of resistance to high temperature or pH extremes. Lastly, the large size of common antibodies restricts their applications in nanobiosensors, such as eld-effect transistor (FET) nanosensors, where signal readings are limited by the Debye screening length (Vu and Chen, 2019). Establishment of a sensitive and small recognition reagent that overcomes the above limitations of antibodies will be useful in facilitating population-wide screening of COVID-19.…”

Non-Carbon 2D Materials-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

“…A biosensor is an analytical device consisting of a transducer and biological receptor as basic components that convert a biochemical response into an electronic signal. FET devices are popularly used in the electrical biosensing field due to their unique function for weak-signal and high impedance applications [ 27 , 28 ]. In FET-based biosensors, the gate terminal and/or the dielectric layer are modified with specific bioreceptors (antibodies, oligonucleotides, peptides, receptors, cells, enzymes, aptamers, etc.)…”

Ion balance detection using nano field-effect transistor with an extended gate electrode

“…A nano field-effect transistor (nanoFET) device has been widely studied as a biosensor for detecting pH level, proteins, biomarker molecules, anions, and gas molecules in environments such as a solution or the air [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This is due to their advantages such as rapid response time, lowcost, ease of integration with electronic parts, and miniaturization.…”

“…This is due to their advantages such as rapid response time, lowcost, ease of integration with electronic parts, and miniaturization. It can detect target substances in label-free with the conductance change of the nanochannel due to the electric field effect induced by the adsorption of a charged target substance on the gate electrode [6][7][8][9][10]. Electronic products using anions have attracted much attention recently because they can clean and remove dust, pollutants, and viruses by charging the ultrafine particles in the air [11][12][13][14].…”