Field-deployed underwater mass spectrometers for investigations of transient chemical systems

In situ determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon by underwater membrane introduction mass spectrometry

“…Membrane inlet mass spectrometers (MIMS) are versatile field-portable tools for simultaneous determinations of a wide variety of volatile compounds including CO 2 (Johnson et al 2000). Furthermore, MIMS-based underwater mass spectrometer (UMS) systems are increasingly used as sensors for observa-In situ determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon by underwater membrane introduction mass spectrometry tions of dissolved gases in submarine environments (Short et al 2001;Kibelka et al 2004;Wenner et al 2004;Bell et al 2007;Schlüter and Gentz 2008;Camilli and Duryea 2009). MIMS measurements are enabled by gas-permeable membranes, usually polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which allow diffusion of gases into a vacuum chamber.…”

Novel enhancement of thin-form-factor galvanic cells: Probing halogenated organic oxidizers and metal anodes

“…Table 3 also shows that the lifespan of sustained power outputs at usable sustained voltages is greatly enhanced when using the solid oxidizers as compared to the hypochlorite solutions. In addition, even though the columbic (about 50% for the oxidizers) and the overall Faradic efficiencies (16% with the sodium dichloroisocyanurate and 20% with the chlorosuccinimide) of the galvanic cells are relatively low, the overall specific energy is very attractive (90-110 Wh kg −1 ), since it is of similar magnitude to commercial systems currently used to power deployable instrumentation, including marine and oceanographic equipment [43,44]. In the past, specific energies between 40 and 120 Wh kg −1 were found for cells activated with hypochlorite ions [34].…”

Use of In‐Situ Methods

“…13 C, 14 N, 18 O, 34 S) of natural elements using in-situ mass spectrometric techniques would be beneficial in improving the understanding of the global oceanic cycling of many compounds. Higher resolution and more-sensitive detectors are needed for this purpose, but several projects in these areas are currently ongoing (Kibelka et al ., 2004).…”