Field-based safety guidelines for solid fuel household cookstoves in developing countries

Johnson, Nathan G.; Bryden, Kenneth M.

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2015.01.002

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the tests conducted at Aprovecho, the CleanCook stove had a safety rating of 37 out of 40 (weighted rating of 98 out of 100) (Johnson and Bryden 2015). The CleanCook ethanol stove scored a 4 out of 4 on 9 of 10 safety tests, and a 3.5 out of 4 on the test for flames exiting the fuel chamber (Johnson and Bryden 2015).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of the Cleancook Stovementioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the ethanol CleanCook stove intervention and potential scale-up in Ethiopia

Benka-Coker

Tadele²,

Milano³

et al. 2018

Energy for Sustainable Development

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Background: Approximately 80% of Ethiopia’s energy consumption is dominated by woody biomass fuel use, resulting in 91.2 million tons of firewood and 4.2 million tons of charcoal consumed annually. Ethiopia’s dependency on non-sustainable energy, especially for cooking, has been a major concern for the nation for the past 30 years, contributing to deforestation, climate change, and adverse human health impacts. Objectives: Our objective was to document the work of Gaia Association and the implementation of the ethanol CleanCook stove in the refugee camp and urban settings of Ethiopia. We then assessed the potential for the scale-up of ethanol as a household fuel. Methods: We utilized the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of the ethanol cookstove intervention. We obtained secondary data from a variety of sources to evaluate a.) The performance of the CleanCook ethanol stove; b.) Effectiveness of the ethanol cookstove implementation; and, c.) Barriers to scale-up and commercialization of ethanol use as a household fuel. In addition, we conducted primary analysis of qualitative surveys to evaluate the perceptions of the ethanol and adoption of the CleanCook stove. Results: Our case study results provide critical insight into the 13-year implementation of the CleanCook ethanol stove in Ethiopia. Laboratory tests demonstrate that the CleanCook stove reduces harmful emissions compared to biomass stoves, and preliminary field tests show 24-hour average PM2.5 levels of 200 μg/m3. To-date 8,731 CleanCook stoves were distributed to refugee households, while an additional 500 were sold at a subsided price to low-income urban households. CleanCook stove users report the continued use of multiple stoves. Conclusions: The CleanCook ethanol stove has been implemented as an energy intervention for the vulnerable refugee population in Ethiopia for over 13 years. There has been limited success of a subsidized CleanCook stove among low-income households in Addis Ababa. This case study demonstrates the complexities of promoting a new fuel for household cooking, and the numerous obstacles and stagnations in implementation. Ethanol demonstrates some potential for scale-up and commercialization as a household fuel in Addis Ababa, but it may require simultaneous stabilization of ethanol supply, growth of a city-wide distribution infrastructure, and an affordably priced stove and fuel.

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Section: Effectiveness Of the Cleancook Stovementioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the ethanol CleanCook stove intervention and potential scale-up in Ethiopia

Benka-Coker

Tadele²,

Milano³

et al. 2018

Energy for Sustainable Development

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“…Households have displayed individual predispositions and attitudes that impact their energy decisionmaking, by shaping their preferences, concerns, trust, or relative perception of importance towards various energy services [4], [10], [23], [27], [31], [40]- [44]. Such personal determinants can also come in the form of a household's awareness or understanding of modern energy services and its benefits, or the suitability of their dwelling arrangement [20], [40], [42], [45].…”

Section: Internal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Work, food, rent, television: The role of lifestyles and experiences on household energy behaviour in rural Lagos, Nigeria

Eludoyin

Lemaire

2021

Energy Research & Social Science

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“…The engineering design community has made significant contributions to developing world contexts. Such contributions include the leveraged freedom chair, a specialized wheel-chair that enables people with physical disabilities to traverse rough terrain [6]; the provision of intervention strategies to assist remote off-grid villages in Mali with better energy solutions [7]; and provision of guidelines for the design of cook-stoves [8].…”

Section: Design For the Developing Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Retrospective Customer Needs Cultural Risk Indicator Method to Soap Dispenser Design for Children in Ethiopia

Igleski

Bossuyt

Reid

2016

Volume 2A: 42nd Design Automation Conference

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We present here the design and analysis of a cost-effective soap dispenser that prevents bar soap theft in schools in developing countries. The intended region of deployment is within Ethiopia and surrounding areas. Lack of public hygiene is attributed to 1.4 million global deaths annually due to preventable diarrheal diseases. Using soap while washing hands is estimated to decreases death due to diarrheal diseases by half. Theft of soap from public wash stations, such as those found in schools, is believed to contribute to the spread of diarrheal diseases. Currently there exists no adequate cost-effective solutions to protect bar soap from theft although there appears to be a demand and there is a need for such a device. An undergraduate student mechanical design team in a sophomore design course at Purdue University was tasked with developing a soap dispenser that prevents theft of bar soap. The project prompt was provided by Purdue Global Engineering Programs’ Innovation to International Development (I2D) Lab. Students were instructed to complete the first step (Product Concept) of the Lean Design for the Developing World (LDW) method to develop a Minimum Viable Product (MVP). The team then completed a retrospective analysis of the MVP using the Customer Needs Cultural Risk Indicator (CNCRI) method to determine potential shortcomings that may be identified in the second step (Validated Learning) of the LDW method. Several customer needs and their component and design solutions that need close monitoring during the second step of the LDW method were identified. The highest risk customer needs included: culturally appropriate design, aesthetic appeal, security, and durability. Based on the experiences of the design team, several important lessons were learned that can both be applied to improving the secure bar soap dispenser product and to the broader field of product design for the developing world. These lessons include: Customers in the developing world may be more concerned with cost than durability, cultural appeal of a device is highly dependent on first -hand experience and can easily be misunderstood or misrepresented, the LDW method is an invaluable tool in identifying customer needs that may be overlooked due to cultural and socio-economic differences. The use of the LDW framework and the CNCRI method in an undergraduate design group was found to be useful, viable, and valuable to both the undergraduate student learning outcomes and the development of a product that can be deployed to its intended market. Further development of an end-to-end tool chain is needed to better integrate product development for the developing world into mainstream engineering curriculum.

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Field-based safety guidelines for solid fuel household cookstoves in developing countries

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

A case study of the ethanol CleanCook stove intervention and potential scale-up in Ethiopia

A case study of the ethanol CleanCook stove intervention and potential scale-up in Ethiopia

Work, food, rent, television: The role of lifestyles and experiences on household energy behaviour in rural Lagos, Nigeria

The Application of Retrospective Customer Needs Cultural Risk Indicator Method to Soap Dispenser Design for Children in Ethiopia

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