Field-based generation and social validation managers and staff competencies for small community residences

What qualities are valued in residential direct care workers from the perspective of people with an intellectual disability and managers of accommodation services?

“…This recommendation is also consistent with Thousand et al (1986), who stated that when recruiting and training RDCWs, more attention should be paid to the identification and development of interpersonal competencies. This recommendation is also consistent with Thousand et al (1986), who stated that when recruiting and training RDCWs, more attention should be paid to the identification and development of interpersonal competencies.…”

Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954-2004 and beyond

“…Although some of the studies reviewed for this article indicated they followed procedures similar to Flanagan's (1954), many of them did not include descriptions of their data-analysis procedures (Chapman, 1994;Humphery and Nazareth, 2001;Pope and Vetter, 1992;Thousand et al, 1986), thus leaving the reader unclear about the exact process that was followed. Others cited Flanagan for the data-collection method used, but then seemed to diverge from the data-analysis procedure as outlined by Flanagan (Cheek et al, 1997;Gottman and Clasen, 1972;Kent et al, 1996;Kirk, 1995;Lansisalmi et al, 2000;Miwa, 2000;Strop, 1995;Thomas et al, 1987;Vispoel and Austin, 1991).…”

“…In addition, Ronan and Latham extended the Andersson and Nilsson study by also showing that 'the CIT's emphasis on relatively observable and objective behaviors permits adequate test-retest reliability (intra-observer) of resulting behavioral measures ' (1974: 61). During our review of the CIT literature, we found it was common for researchers either to cite one or both of these studies as evidence of the reliability of the CIT research method (Proulx, 1991; Qualitative Research 5(4) 484 Young, 1991), or not to refer to the reliability or validity of the method at all (Cowie et al, 2002;Gould, 1999;Parker, 1995;Schmelzer et al, 1987;Thousand et al, 1986).…”

History and Contribution of Organizational Behavior Management to Services for Persons with Developmental Disabilities

“…For example, in later studies greater attention has been paid to more meaningful, long-term interventions and maintenance over longer periods of time (Christian, 1984;Sturmey & Hughes, 1996). Larger scale interventions such as those by entire serviccs for hundrcds of consumers and staff (Saunders 81 Saunders, 1995;Sturmey & Hughes, 1996) raise issues such as multiple organizational problems (Christian, 1984;Jenscn et al, 1984); the positive and negative effects of intervention on non-targeted aspects of staff and consumer behavior (Duus, 1988); the use of direct care staff and technicians as trainers (Sturmey, Ellison, & Stephens, 1996;Van Den Pol, Reid, & Fuqua, 1983); staff opinion about the acceptability of various methods of being trained (Reid & Parsons, 1995); and, staff perceptions of their own training needs (Sturmey & Stiles, 1996;Thousand, Burchard & Hasazi, 1986). Finally, there has been greater attention to interventions in a wider range of settings, using a wider array of change agents, a wider array of target behaviors than in carly studies and more sophisticated experimental designs.…”

“…A first step in any OBM intervention is identifying those staff competencies that are important (Thousand et al, 1986). Several empirical studies have identified important staff competencics.…”