“…Even though various specialists differentially define IPM, its strategies focus on sampling or monitoring procedures, knowing control and non-control levels, and selecting integrated control methods to be used (Kogan, 1998). For most field crops, chemical control through synthetic pesticides is the primary management tactic; however, there is a range of other tactics for pest control, such as biological control, pest-resistant and pest-tolerant cultivars, cultural control (crop rotation, intercropping, trap crops, manipulation of fertilizer and planting calendar, and elimination of crop residues), genetic control (sterile insect technique), and behavioral control (baits, traps, mating disruption techniques), alone or in combination with chemical control (attract-and-kill) (Govaerts et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2014;Padilha et al, 2017;Alphey and Bonsall, 2018;Neves et al, 2018;Blassioli-Moraes et al, 2019;Sharma et al, 2019;Nunes et al, 2020;Preti et al, 2020;Cardé, 2021, Jalli et al, 2021Kovaleski and Mastrangelo, 2021;Adomako et al, 2022;Parra et al, 2022;Pazini et al, 2022).…”