Field air sampling and simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of livestock odorants with sorbent tubes and GC–MS/olfactometry

Zhang, Shicheng; Cai, Ling; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Hoff, Steven J.; Schmidt, David; Clanton, C. J.; Jacobson, Larry D.; Parker, David B.; Heber, Albert J.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.11.028

Cited by 85 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Average MDL values found in this study are highly comparable with the GC-MS/olfactometry results of Zhang et al (2010). They determined PPA, BTA, IVA, VLA, and 11 other VOCs using the thermal desorption method.…”

Section: Response Factorsupporting

confidence: 86%

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Ullah¹,

Kim²,

Szulejko³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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For the quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the use of a proper solvent is crucial to reduce the chance of biased results or effect of interference either in direct analysis by a gas chromatograph (GC) or with thermal desorption analysis due to matrix effects, e.g., the existence of a broad solvent peak tailing that overlaps early eluters. In this work, the relative performance of different solvents has been evaluated using standards containing 19 VOCs in three different solvents (methanol, pentane, and hexane). Comparison of the response factor of the detected VOCs confirms their means for methanol and hexane higher than that of pentane by 84% and 27%, respectively. In light of the solvent vapor pressure at the initial GC column temperature (35°C), the enhanced sensitivity in methanol suggests the potential role of solvent vapor expansion in the hot injector (split ON) which leads to solvent trapping on the column. In contrast, if the recurrent relationships between homologues were evaluated using an effective carbon number (ECN) additivity approach, the comparability assessed in terms of percent difference improved on the order of methanol (26.5%), hexane (6.73%), and pentane (5.24%). As such, the relative performance of GC can be affected considerably in the direct injection-based analysis of VOC due to the selection of solvent.

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Section: Response Factorsupporting

confidence: 86%

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Ullah¹,

Kim²,

Szulejko³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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“…The field air samples were collected by sampling air through sorbent tubes (Zhang et al, 2010) from a manifold using a portable sampling pump (model 210-1002, SKC, Inc., Houston, Tex.) with a flow rate of 70 mL min -1 for 60 min.…”

Section: Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorbent tubes (93 mm × 4 mm) were constructed of 304-grade stainless steel and double-passivated with a proprietary surface coating process (Zhang et al, 2010). The empty tubes were packed with 65 mg of Tenax TA (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, Pa.) and plugged at both ends with silanized glass wool and stainless steel screens to hold the sorbent material.…”

Section: Site Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 3. Chemical Emissions

et al. 2015

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The objective of this study was to measure the long-term odor emissions and corresponding concentrations and emissions of 20 odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study was an add-on study to the National Air Emission Monitoring Study (NAEMS). Odor and odorous gas measurements at four NAEMS sites, including dairy barns in Wisconsin (WI5B) and Indiana (IN5B), a swine finisher barn in Indiana (IN3B), and swine gestation and farrowing barns in Iowa (IA4B), were conducted from November 2007 to May 2009. The odorous gas samples were collected every two weeks using sorbent tubes (samples were collected twice each season of the year, with the exception of spring 2009 when samples were collected three times) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). In this article, we summarize the measured gas concentrations and emissions of the 20 target VOCs from each of the four sites. The average total odorous VOC concentrations for the entire sampling period were 276, 96.9, 1413 and 394 Î¼g dsm -3 for WI5B, IN5B, IN3B, and IA4B, respectively. For the swine sites, the highest seasonal average total odorous VOC concentrations for each barn were observed during spring (1890 Î¼g dsm -3 for IN3B and 458 Î¼g dsm -3 for IA4B). For the dairy sites, the highest seasonal average total odorous VOC concentrations were observed in winter at WI5B (446 Î¼g dsm -3 ) and in summer at IN5B (129 Î¼g dsm -3 ). The average total emission rates for the 20 odorous VOCs were 290 mg h -1 AU -1 (WI5B), 36.0 mg h -1 AU -1 (IN5B), 743 mg h -1 AU -1 (IN3B), 33.9 mg h -1 AU -1 (IA4B swine gestation barns), and 91.7 mg h -1 AU -1 (IA4B swine farrowing room). The average seasonal total odorous VOC emission rates were highest during summer at WI5B (805 mg h -1 AU -1 ), IN5B (121 mg h -1 AU -1 ), and IN3B (1250 mg h -1 AU -1 ) and during spring at IA4B (95.8 mg h -1 AU -1 ). The emissions of specific VOCs varied between seasons, sites, and species. To date, this is the most comprehensive VOC measurement survey of odorous compound emission rates from commercial livestock buildings. KeywordsAnimal feeding operations, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Volatile organic compounds

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“…Contrarily, some gases such as NH 3 and SH 2 are odour constituents, but they cannot be easily used as odour indicators, since their odour detection is relatively high (Smeets et al, 2007;Blanes-Vidal et al, 2009a) and their emission process may differ from the release pathways of most odorants (Le et al, 2005;Blanes-Vidal et al, 2009a). Recent studies have achieved high relationships (R 2~ 90%) between olfactometric measures and analytic analyses using gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (Blanes-Vidal et al, 2009a;Zhang et al, 2010). However, odorants may differ considerably among livestock species, and therefore using a generalized analytical measurement method for livestock odours seems at the moment not feasible.…”

Section: Odour Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to control odours in livestock facilities: a critical review

Ubeda

Jiménez

Nicolas

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Odours generated in livestock buildings constitute one of the most relevant air quality issues of intensive livestock production. Reducing nuisance episodes related to odour exposure is therefore essential for a sustainable livestock production. In this study, the state-of-the-art on odour mitigation techniques in livestock housing is critically reviewed. Scientific advances in the last decade are revised and research needs are also identified. The complex nature of livestock odours is firstly reviewed and examined. Then, the most relevant odour control strategies are analyzed in terms of present knowledge and future needs. The strategies considered are: nutritional strategies, manure additives, building design, air filtration, manure covers, manure treatment systems and windbreaks. Finally, future research needs and priorities when establishing mitigation techniques are identified. Despite important recent advances, there are still some challenges for scientists, producers and regulators, particularly related to field evaluation of odours. Therefore, to control livestock odours effectively, using standardized f ield assessment techniques will be required. Also, investigating measurement and model errors may be useful to better understand the limitations of the current methods, as well as to identify research priorities.

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Field air sampling and simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis of livestock odorants with sorbent tubes and GC–MS/olfactometry

Cited by 85 publications

References 14 publications

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Quantitative Approaches for the Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Its Performance Assessment in Terms of Solvent Types and the Related Matrix Effects

Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 3. Chemical Emissions

Strategies to control odours in livestock facilities: a critical review

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