Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 3. Chemical Emissions

Cai, Ling; Kozieł, Jacek A.; Zhang, Shicheng; Heber, Albert J.; Cortus, Erin L.; Parker, David B.; Hoff, S. J.; Sun, Gang; Heathcote, Katie Y; Jacobson, Larry D.; Akdeniz, Neslihan; Hetchler, Brian P.; Bereznicki, Sarah D.; Caraway, Edward A.; Lim, Teng Teeh

doi:10.13031/trans.58.11199

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Chemical analyses of swine odorants were completed using the thermal desorption-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer/olfactometry (TD-MDGC-MS/O) system using procedures previously described [25]. Challenges to proper sulfur-VOC speciation and quantification associated with sorbent tubes and thermal desorption (Andersen et al [26]) were addressed by Cai et al [27]. Thus, because it is not possible to determine the extent of methane thiol (MT) conversion, combined DMDS/MT, and DMTS/MT emissions are reported for dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, respectively.…”

Section: Gas Concentration Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Managing the environmental impacts associated with livestock production is a challenge for farmers, public and regulatory agencies. Sustainable solutions that take into account technical and socioeconomic factors are needed. For example, the comprehensive control of odors, ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from swine production is a critical need. Stored manure is a major source of gaseous emissions. Mitigation technologies based on bio-based products such as biochar are of interest due to the potential benefits of nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to test non-activated (non-functionalized) biochar for the mitigation of gaseous emissions from stored manure. Specifically, this included testing the effects of: (1) time; and (2) dosage of biochar application to the swine manure surface on gaseous emissions from deep-pit storage. The biochar surface application was tested with three treatments (1.14, 2.28 and 4.57 kg·m −2 manure) over a month. Significant reductions in emissions were observed for NH 3 (12.7-22.6% reduction as compared to the control). Concomitantly, significant increases in CH 4 emissions (22.1-24.5%) were measured. Changes to emissions of other target gases (including CO 2 , N 2 O, H 2 S, dimethyl disulfide/methanethiol, dimethyl trisulfide, n-butyric-, valeric-, and isovaleric acids, p-cresol, indole, and skatole) were not statistically significant. Biochar treatment could be a promising and comparably-priced option for reducing NH 3 emissions from stored swine manure.

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Section: Gas Concentration Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

et al. 2017

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“…Extensive measurements of odorous gas and PM emissions have been conducted to account for a wide range of site-specific conditions such as the animal species, facility size and type, manure management, climate, ventilation schemes, and others [9][10][11][12][13][14]. It is well known that manure management can have a significant impact on gaseous emissions [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Semi-Continuous Pit Manure Recharge System Performance on Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from a Swine Finishing Barn

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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In this research, for the first time, we present the evaluation of a semi-continuous pit manure recharge system on the mitigation of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from a swine finisher barn. The pit recharge system is practiced on many swine farms in the Republic of Korea, primarily for improving air quality in the barn. It consists of an integrated waste management system where the fraction of stored manure is pumped out (10× of the daily production of manure, 3× a day); solids are separated and composted, while the aerobically treated liquid fraction is then returned to the pit. We compared emissions from two 240-pig rooms, one equipped with a pit recharge system, and the other operating a conventional slurry pit under the slatted floor. Mean reduction of NH3 and H2S emissions were 49 ± 6% and 82 ± 7%, respectively, over 14 days of measurements. The removal efficiency of H2S was higher than NH3, likely because the pH of aerobically treated liquid manure remained slightly above 8. More work is warranted to assess the N balance in this system and the emissions of odor and greenhouse gasses (GHGs). It is also expected that it will be possible to control the NH3 and H2S removal rates by controlling the nitrification level of the liquid manure in the aerobic treatment system.

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“…The large number of animals raised in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can affect air quality by emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NH 3 , H 2 S, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and particulate matter (PM) (National Research Council [NRC], 2003;Heber et al, 2006aHeber et al, , 2006bJacobson et al, 2008;Hoff et al, 2009). Air pollution and odor nuisance are a major challenge for livestock production (NRC, 2003;Kim et al, 2007;Parker et al, 2012;Cai et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015). Many researchers develop and test odor mitigation technologies (Akdeniz and Janni, 2012;Chen et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing odorants recovery from a novel metallized fluorinated ethylene propylene gas sampling bag

Wen-da

Kozieł

Cai

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Industry-standard Tedlar bags for odor sample collection from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been challenged by the evidence of volatile organic compound (VOC) losses and background interferences. Novel impermeable aluminum foil with a thin layer of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film on the surface that is in contact with a gas sample was developed to address this challenge. In this research, Tedlar and metallized FEP bags were compared for (a) recoveries of four characteristic CAFO odorous VOCs (ethyl mercaptan, butyric acid, isovaleric acid and p-cresol) after 30 min and 24 hr sample storage time and for (b) chemical background interferences. All air sampling and analyses were performed with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Mean target gas sample recoveries from metallized FEP bags were 25.9% and 28.0% higher than those in Tedlar bags, for 30 min and 24 hr, respectively. Metallized FEP bags demonstrated the highest p-cresol recoveries after 30-min and 24-hr storage, 96.1 ± 44.5% and 44.8 ± 10.2%, respectively, among different types of sampling bags reported in previous studies. However, a higher variability was observed for p-cresol recovery with metallized FEP bags. A 0% recovery of ethyl mercaptan was observed with Tedlar bags after 24-hr storage, whereas an 85.7 ± 7.4% recovery was achieved with metallized FEP bags. Recoveries of butyric and isovaleric acids were similar for both bag types. Two major impurities in Tedlar bags' background were identified as N,N-dimethylacetamide and phenol, while backgrounds of metallized FEP bags were significantly cleaner. Reusability of metallized FEP bags was tested. Implications: Caution is advised when using polymeric materials for storage of livestock-relevant odorous volatile organic compounds. The odorants loss with storage time confirmed that long-term storage in whole-air form is ill advised. A focused short-term odor sample containment should be biased toward the most inert material available relative to the highest impact target odorant. Metallized FEP was identified as such a material to p-cresol as the highest impact odorant from confined animal feeding operations. Metallized FEP bags have much cleaner background than commercial Tedlar bags do. Significantly higher recoveries of methyl mercaptan and p-cresol were also observed with metallized FEP bags. IntroductionIn recent decades, intensive large-scale livestock production has grown rapidly in the United States and other parts of the world. The large number of animals raised in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) can affect air quality by emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NH 3 , H 2 S, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and particulate matter (PM) (National Research Council [NRC], 2003;Heber et al., 2006aHeber et al., , 2006bJacobson et al., 2008;Hoff et al., 2009). Air pollution and odor nuisance are a major challenge for livestock production (NRC, 2003;Kim et al., 2007;Parker et al., 2012;Cai et al., 20...

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Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 3. Chemical Emissions

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Pilot-Scale Testing of Non-Activated Biochar for Swine Manure Treatment and Mitigation of Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Evaluation of Semi-Continuous Pit Manure Recharge System Performance on Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions from a Swine Finishing Barn

Testing odorants recovery from a novel metallized fluorinated ethylene propylene gas sampling bag

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