Fibroblastic Subtype has a Favourable Prognosis in Appendicular Osteosarcoma of Dogs

Al-Khan, A.A.; Nimmo, Judith S; Day, Michael; Tayebi, Mourad; Ryan, Stewart D.; Kuntz, Charles; Simcock, James O.; Tarzi, R.; Saad, Eman; Richardson, Samantha J.; Danks, Janine A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.011

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Vaccinated dogs also experienced a significantly longer TTM compared with unvaccinated animals (308 vs. 240 days, respectively). The outcome in terms of TTM and TSS of SOC-treated unvaccinated animals is similar to the one reported elsewhere, which ranged from 123–257 days and 207–321 days, respectively [ 21 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Although the 1-year survival rate of unvaccinated dogs is similar to that of 16–20% previously reported [ 2 , 46 ], it appears disappointingly low compared with other studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The following variables were considered: sex, age (7–10 years, other) [ 19 ], weight (≥45 kg, other), tumor anatomic location (proximal humerus, other) [ 19 ], types of imaging (TBCT, other), serum ALP activity (normal, increased) [ 19 ], monocytosis (present, absent) [ 20 ], lymphocytosis (present, absent) [ 21 ], tumor histotype (chondroblastic, other) [ 21 ], and time between amputation and chemotherapy (≤5 days, >5 days) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Target Animal Effectiveness Study on Adjuvant Peptide-Based Vaccination in Dogs with Non-Metastatic Appendicular Osteosarcoma Undergoing Amputation and Chemotherapy

Marconato

Melacarne

Aralla³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Despite efforts to develop novel treatment strategies, human and canine osteosarcomas continue to have poor prognosis and limited overall survival. The aim of this clinical trial was to test the antitumor effect and safety of multiple dermal administrations of a peptide-based anticancer vaccine in dogs with non-metastatic appendicular osteosarcoma undergoing standard of care (SOC), consisting of limb amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Salmonella-infected canine osteosarcoma cells were induced to release immunogenic peptides in the extracellular space via Cx43 hemichannels opening; the secretome was collected and constituted the vaccine. Dogs with non-metastatic appendicular osteosarcoma were eligible for recruitment. Following limb amputation and adjuvant carboplatin, dogs were vaccinated on a monthly basis for six times and followed up with serial thoracic radiographs. A population of dogs undergoing SOC treatment (amputation and adjuvant carboplatin) before the vaccine was available served as controls. Primary endpoints were time to metastasis (TTM) and tumor-specific survival (TSS). Secondary endpoints were feasibility, toxicity, T-cell and humoral immune responses. A total of 20 dogs were vaccinated along with SOC and 34 received SOC only. Vaccine-specific humoral and T-cell responses were observed; their amplitude correlated with TSS. Vaccine-associated toxicity was not recorded. TTM and TSS were significantly longer in vaccinated versus unvaccinated dogs (TTM: 308 vs. 240 days, respectively; p = 0.010; TSS: 621 vs. 278 days, respectively; p = 0.002). In dogs with non-metastatic osteosarcoma undergoing SOC, the addition of a bacteria-based vaccination strategy increased TTM, thereby prolonging survival, while maintaining a safe profile. Additionally, vaccinated dogs developed a long-term tumor-specific response, as documented by the immunomonitoring of these patients over time. These results hold promise for future management of canine osteosarcoma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Target Animal Effectiveness Study on Adjuvant Peptide-Based Vaccination in Dogs with Non-Metastatic Appendicular Osteosarcoma Undergoing Amputation and Chemotherapy

Marconato

Melacarne

Aralla³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…While some studies have failed to show a significant effect of tumor subtype on survival time, 42,45,83 others have found that fibroblastic osteosarcoma has an improved survival time compared with osteoblastic and chondroblastic osteosarcoma. 4,57 Similarly, telangiectatic osteosarcoma has been associated with a shorter survival time in some studies but not others. 34,42,78,83 The problem with many studies examining tumor subtype and survival time is the small number of each subtype, making it challenging to draw well-supported conclusions.…”

Section: Parosteal Versus Periosteal Versus Central Osteosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some evidence that different subtypes of canine osteosarcoma may have different prognoses. 4,57 Classification into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, or chondroblastic subtypes is based on the predominant type of extracellular matrix produced by the tumor (based on the matrix comprising greater than 50% of the tumor area). If no matrix type predominates then the tumor is classified as a combined-type osteosarcoma.…”

Section: Parosteal Versus Periosteal Versus Central Osteosarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic Approach to Bone Tumors in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Histologic Correlation

Dittmer

Pemberton

2021

Vet Pathol

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The skeletal system is a common site for neoplasia in dogs and cats, and primary bone tumors may develop from any of the mesenchymal tissues present in bone. Imaging and histopathology are routinely used in the diagnosis of bone tumors, and the 2 techniques are highly complementary. While imaging may be highly suggestive of a specific diagnosis and treatment may be instituted based on this, definitive diagnosis requires histopathology of either incisional or excisional biopsies or an amputation specimen. However, there are a number of diagnostic dilemmas when the pathologist interprets bone biopsy samples, such as distinguishing reactive bone and tumor bone, fracture callus and tumor bone, different benign fibro-osseous lesions, and different types of bone sarcoma. This review outlines the characteristic radiographic and histologic changes associated with these diagnostic problems to aid in resolving them. When a holistic approach is taken to evaluation of the signalment, history, and clinical, radiologic, and microscopic features, a diagnosis may be possible. The pathologist is greatly assisted in the interpretation of bone samples by having access to imaging and should routinely request either the images or the imaging reports if they are not received from submitting veterinarians.

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“…Histologic subtype and features used to grade OS including mitotic index, degree of necrosis, and cellular pleomorphism, have demonstrated variable success in predicting clinical outcome in canine cases. 2,15,74,80,121,150 In human cases, treatment-induced necrosis is a critical prognostic factor. 45 Following neoadjuvant multiagent chemotherapy, tumors with less than 90% necrosis were twice as likely to recur.…”

Section: The Pet Dog With Spontaneous Os: a Complementary Patient-bas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine and murine models of osteosarcoma

et al. 2022

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Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. Despite efforts to develop and implement new therapies, patient outcomes have not measurably improved since the 1980s. Metastasis continues to be the main source of patient mortality, with 30% of cases developing metastatic disease within 5 years of diagnosis. Research models are critical in the advancement of cancer research and include a variety of species. For example, xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models provide opportunities to study human tumor cells in vivo while transgenic models have offered significant insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OS development. A growing recognition of naturally occurring cancers in companion species has led to new insights into how veterinary patients can contribute to studies of cancer biology and drug development. The study of canine cases, including the use of diagnostic tissue archives and clinical trials, offers a potential mechanism to further canine and human cancer research. Advancement in the field of OS research requires continued development and appropriate use of animal models. In this review, animal models of OS are described with a focus on the mouse and tumor-bearing pet dog as parallel and complementary models of human OS.

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Fibroblastic Subtype has a Favourable Prognosis in Appendicular Osteosarcoma of Dogs

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

A Target Animal Effectiveness Study on Adjuvant Peptide-Based Vaccination in Dogs with Non-Metastatic Appendicular Osteosarcoma Undergoing Amputation and Chemotherapy

A Target Animal Effectiveness Study on Adjuvant Peptide-Based Vaccination in Dogs with Non-Metastatic Appendicular Osteosarcoma Undergoing Amputation and Chemotherapy

A Holistic Approach to Bone Tumors in Dogs and Cats: Radiographic and Histologic Correlation

Canine and murine models of osteosarcoma

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