Fibrinolytic Activity of Subretinal Fluid after Cryopexy

Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska, G; Kotschy, M

doi:10.1177/112067219900900406

Cited by 6 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In general, a BRB breakdown results in elevated intraocular levels of various proteins due to a passover of the latter from the plasma to the vitreous cavity. This relationship has been demonstrated for various plasma proteins and cytokines like albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins and VEGF in the past [18,57,58,59,60,61]. As a conclusion we postulate that beside those substrates intravitreal plasminogen might be elevated as well in patients with CRVO (fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Intravitreal Functional Plasminogen Is Elevated in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Bertelmann

Mennel²,

Sekundo³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmic Res

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Purpose: To detect intravitreal functional plasminogen in vitreous samples of patients with recent onset of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to demonstrate significantly higher intravitreal plasminogen in CRVO patients in comparison to controls. Methods: Prospective clinical case series of 13 consecutive patients with recent onset of CRVO scheduled for core pars plana vitrectomy and 10 consecutive patients undergoing standard pars plana vitrectomy for routine macular surgery or vitreal floater removal. In all 23 cases, vitreous taps were extracted from the central vitreous body, and plasminogen was functionally determined in a new ultrasensitive p-nitroanilide reaction after activation with streptokinase (100% of normal, %N = functional plasminogen in pooled normal citrated plasma). Results: Plasminogen was detected in all analyzed samples (n = 23), and mean plasminogen was revealed to be 1.33 ± 1.73% (mean ± SD), with a range of 0.03-7.8%N. Patients with recent onset of CRVO exhibited significantly higher intravitreal plasminogen (2.19 ± 1.89%N) in comparison to controls (0.20 ± 0.21%N; p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusion: Due to significantly increased intravitreal plasminogen in patients with recent onset of CRVO, intravitreally administered tissue plasminogen activator might be an option to induce posterior vitreous detachment (enzymatic vitreolysis) in CRVO patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Intravitreal Functional Plasminogen Is Elevated in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Bertelmann

Mennel²,

Sekundo³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Our study indicated elevated vitreal levels of t‐PA in the groups of macular pucker (74.6 ng/mL), RD (63.7 ng/mL) and PVR (40.9 ng/mL) compared with the macular hole group (28.6 ng/mL). In patients undergoing surgery for RD, a mean of 0.33 IU/mL in the SRF of five patients was reported by Immonen et al ., 27 whereas t‐PA levels of 6.7 ng/mL in the SRF of 22 patients with RD were described by Malukiewicz‐Wisniewska et al 20 . Przygonska et al 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the eye, t‐PA is secreted by cells of the RPE 16 and multiple vascularized ocular structures have been demonstrated to contain t‐PA (iris, ciliary body, episclera, choroid, retina, cornea, lens) including intravitreal hyalocytes and parts of the pars plana 13,17–19 . A wide array of biological processes is influenced by the activation of plasmin, not only fibrinolysis and thrombolysis but also cell migration, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, wound healing as well as inflammatory processes 17,19–22 . Plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) is a specific inhibitor of t‐PA and urokinase, secreted by hepatocytes, thrombocytes and vascular endothelium cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T‐PA has been described in the vitreous and retina of animals (dogs, sheep, rats, bovines and monkeys), 13,16,17,24–27 in vitreous and subretinal fluid (SRF) of patients undergoing surgery for retinal detachment (RD) 20,28 as well as in post‐mortem vitreous from normal eyes 29 . PAI‐1 has been measured in RPE cells 30 and post‐mortem vitreous 29 of normal eyes as well as in patients undergoing RD surgery 20,28 . Finally, there are reports of plasmin, plasminogen, albumin and total protein in SRF and vitreous of patients undergoing vitrectomy for RD and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 31–33 as well as in post‐mortem vitreous of normal eyes 27,34 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Components of the fibrinolytic system in the vitreous body in patients with vitreoretinal disorders

Ulrich

Spannagl

Gandorfer

2008

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To assess components of the fibrinolytic system in the vitreous humour and serum of patients with vitreoretinal disorders. Methods: Forty‐three samples of vitreous humour and plasma of 43 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole, macular pucker, retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy were evaluated for their content of plasminogen, a2‐antiplasmin, plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor 1, plasmin‐a2‐antiplasmin‐complex, tissue plasminogen activator, total protein, albumin, d‐dimer. Patient groups were compared with each other using the U‐test (Mann and Whitney) for non‐parametric testing of two independent samples. Results: The groups of retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy had elevated vitreal levels of plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor 1 (352.5 and 370.7 ng/mL vs. 1.86 and 56.6 ng/mL, P = non‐significant), plasmin‐a2‐antiplasmin‐complex (2416.5 and 1836.2 µg/L vs. 124.2 and 133.4 µg/L, P < 0.001), albumin (0.08 and 0.15 g/dL vs. 0.03 and 0.07 g/dL, P < 0.05) and d‐dimer (4.76 and 1.64 µg/mL vs. 0.40 and 0.48 µg/mL, P = non‐significant) when compared with patients with macular hole and macular pucker. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the vitreal concentration of components of the fibrinolytic system in patients with vitreoretinal disorders. Breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier and complex disease‐specific mechanisms are thought to be responsible for an increase of components of the fibrinolytic system in the vitreous.

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“…Reduced fibrinolytic activity was reported in subretinal fluid of patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery and in aqueous humor of patients with chronic simple glaucoma [18,20]. So the fibrinolytic system appears to be involved in intraocular clot lysis, inflammatory processes, extracellular matrix dissolution and aqueous outflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA expression in cultured pigmented ciliary epithelial cells of the porcine eye

Meyer

Depka

Wilhelm

et al. 2002

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Our results indicate that PAI-1 is produced and secreted by the porcine ciliary epithelium. We suggest that PAI-1 together with components of the fibrin/fibrinolytic system may be involved in aqueous humor outflow. Overproduction of PAI-1 may induce less fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis in aqueous humor and trabecular meshwork, which could result in an elevated intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow obstruction. Therefore stimulation of PAI-1 production may perhaps contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma.

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Fibrinolytic Activity of Subretinal Fluid after Cryopexy

Abstract: The parameters of the fibrinolytic cascade studied here indicated the presence of high levels of t-PA Ag and PAI-1 activity in SRF.

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Intravitreal Functional Plasminogen Is Elevated in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Intravitreal Functional Plasminogen Is Elevated in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Components of the fibrinolytic system in the vitreous body in patients with vitreoretinal disorders

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA expression in cultured pigmented ciliary epithelial cells of the porcine eye

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