Fiber-coupled LED gas sensor and its application to online monitoring of ecoefficient dielectric insulation gases in high-voltage circuit breakers

Krämer, Axel; Over, Daniel; Stoller, Patrick; Paul, Th.

doi:10.1364/ao.56.004505

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, C 4 F 7 N possesses an obvious absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet spectral band that has great linearity with C 4 F 7 N content, as shown in Figure 14(b). The detection of C 4 F 7 N/CO 2 mixing ratio can be achieved with a detection error less than 5% [237] . The fiber-coupled LED gas sensor was developed for concentration measurement of fluorinated ketones.…”

Section: Maintenance Related Devicesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment

Tian

Zhong

et al. 2023

iEnergy

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Gas-insulated equipment (GIE) that utilizes the most potent greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) as insulation and arcquenching medium has been widely used in the power industry. Seeking eco-friendly insulating gas with advanced performance for next-generation SF 6 -free GIE is significant for the "net-zero" goal and sustainable development. In this paper, the utilization, emission, and reduction policies of SF 6 around the world were summarized first. Then, we systematically reviewed the latest progress in comprehensive performance evaluation of eco-friendly insulating gas in terms of molecular design, dielectric insulation, arcquenching, stability and decomposition, materials compatibility, biosafety, etc. Further, the representative applications of ecofriendly insulating gas in medium-voltage, high-voltage GIE as well as relevant maintenance-related technologies were highlighted. Accordingly, the existing challenges and future perspectives were proposed, presenting a roadmap to hopefully steer the development of eco-friendly insulating gas and GIE. KEYWORDSEco-friendly insulating gas, net-zero, dielectric insulation, arc-quenching, SF 6 -free gas-insulated equipment (GIE).

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Section: Maintenance Related Devicesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment

Tian

Zhong

et al. 2023

iEnergy

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“…Fiber-optic sensors have also found applications in electrical changeover gear for transmission of light between an electrical arc-flash to a digitally protecting relay in order to allow fast falling off a breaker to decrease the arc blast energy [ 78 ]. Fiber optic sensors that are based on Fiber Bragg grating improve performance, productivity, and protection in some manufacturing processes.…”

Section: Classification Of Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Photonics: Principles and the Most Recent Applications of Microstructures

et al. 2018

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Light has found applications in data transmission, such as optical fibers and waveguides and in optoelectronics. It consists of a series of electromagnetic waves, with particle behavior. Photonics involves the proper use of light as a tool for the benefit of humans. It is derived from the root word “photon”, which connotes the tiniest entity of light analogous to an electron in electricity. Photonics have a broad range of scientific and technological applications that are practically limitless and include medical diagnostics, organic synthesis, communications, as well as fusion energy. This will enhance the quality of life in many areas such as communications and information technology, advanced manufacturing, defense, health, medicine, and energy. The signal transmission methods used in wireless photonic systems are digital baseband and RoF (Radio-over-Fiber) optical communication. Microwave photonics is considered to be one of the emerging research fields. The mid infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy offers a principal means for biological structure analysis as well as nonintrusive measurements. There is a lower loss in the propagations involving waveguides. Waveguides have simple structures and are cost-efficient in comparison with optical fibers. These are important components due to their compactness, low profile, and many advantages over conventional metallic waveguides. Among the waveguides, optofluidic waveguides have been found to provide a very powerful foundation for building optofluidic sensors. These can be used to fabricate the biosensors based on fluorescence. In an optical fiber, the evanescent field excitation is employed to sense the environmental refractive index changes. Optical fibers as waveguides can be used as sensors to measure strain, temperature, pressure, displacements, vibrations, and other quantities by modifying a fiber. For some application areas, however, fiber-optic sensors are increasingly recognized as a technology with very interesting possibilities. In this review, we present the most common and recent applications of the optical fiber-based sensors. These kinds of sensors can be fabricated by a modification of the waveguide structures to enhance the evanescent field; therefore, direct interactions of the measurand with electromagnetic waves can be performed. In this research, the most recent applications of photonics components are studied and discussed.

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“…A chamber has been designed and built to study the diffusion of these binary and ternary mixtures, using UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure the concentration in the chamber during the mixing process. This technique was already used by some authors to measure these kinds of gases [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear

et al. 2022

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Regarding the use of SF6 in medium voltage switchgear (MVS), a review of alternatives was encouraged by the European Parliament in Regulation No 517/2014. This is aimed at a new regulatory change, that is expected soon, which will include its prohibition, similar to what has happened with other fluorinated greenhouse gases in other fields, like refrigeration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the physical and chemical properties of alternative gas mixtures to determine if they are suitable to replace SF6. In this context, this work addresses the difusional analysis of new gases. Binary and ternary mixtures made of 1,3,3,3‑tetrafluoropropene (C3F4H2) and heptafluoroisopropyl trifluoromethyl ketone (C5F10O), using dry air as a carrier gas, were studied. The mixtures were analyzed using original equipment, composed of UV-Vis spectroscopy technology in a sealed gas chamber, which is similar to MVS. Consequently, an experimental equipment that monitors the concentration of a gas mixture online and a model that predicts the mixing process were designed and tested. The concentration profiles were obtained concerning both the time and position in the gas chamber, and the diffusional and convectional parameters were numerically calculated and optimized in an algorithm created in Scilab.

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Fiber-coupled LED gas sensor and its application to online monitoring of ecoefficient dielectric insulation gases in high-voltage circuit breakers

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment

Introduction to Photonics: Principles and the Most Recent Applications of Microstructures

Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear

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Fiber-coupled LED gas sensor and its application to online monitoring of ecoefficient dielectric insulation gases in high-voltage circuit breakers

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF6-free equipment

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF6-free equipment

Introduction to Photonics: Principles and the Most Recent Applications of Microstructures

Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear

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Product

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Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment

Eco-friendly gas insulating medium for next-generation SF₆-free equipment