Few-layer graphene and polyaniline composite as ion-to-electron transducer in silicone rubber solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

Boeva, Zhanna A.; Lindfors, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.10.054

Cited by 62 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The low-frequency capacitance (C L ) of the CB/Ecoflex solid contact was calculated by ∆E/∆t = I/C L and estimated as 7.14 µF. This value was relatively low compared to that of conducting polymers [38], but higher than that of the polymer/carbon case (polyaniline/graphene, 0.29 µF) [15]. Overall, the sensing performance of the film ISE was compatible with conventional ISEs based on carbon-polymer transducers (Table S2).…”

Section: Measurement Of Sensing Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recent studies have introduced carbon-based materials (i.e., carbon black, carbon nanotube, and graphene) mixed with various polymers. The significance of using such composite mixture is easy handling and processing on the flexible curved platforms (e.g., flexible circuits, wearables, and fabrics); however, to the best of our knowledge, none of the carbon-based composite transducers has been applied to flexible electronics [7,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In this case, a silicone elastomer (Ecoflex) is promising as a polymer matrix because of its high stretchability and biocompatibility, of which a composite with carbon was extensively studied as a strain sensor in flexible wearables [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless, Flexible, Ion-Selective Electrode System for Selective and Repeatable Detection of Sodium

Lim

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Wireless, flexible, ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are of great interest in the development of wearable health monitors and clinical systems. Existing film-based electrochemical sensors, however, still have practical limitations due to poor electrical contact and material–interfacial leakage. Here, we introduce a wireless, flexible film-based system with a highly selective, stable, and reliable sodium sensor. A flexible and hydrophobic composite with carbon black and soft elastomer serves as an ion-to-electron transducer offering cost efficiency, design simplicity, and long-term stability. The sensor package demonstrates repeatable analysis of selective sodium detection in saliva with good sensitivity (56.1 mV/decade), stability (0.53 mV/h), and selectivity coefficient of sodium against potassium (−3.0). The film ISEs have an additional membrane coating that provides reinforced stability for the sensor upon mechanical bending. Collectively, the comprehensive study of materials, surface chemistry, and sensor design in this work shows the potential of the wireless flexible sensor system for low-profile wearable applications.

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Section: Measurement Of Sensing Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless, Flexible, Ion-Selective Electrode System for Selective and Repeatable Detection of Sodium

Lim

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Nanostructured-based SCs show some important advantages over CPs, including their hydrophobicity, large surface area, light insensitivity and high contact capacitance and the absence of side-reactions [4,24,25]. Both carbon and noble metals nanostructures have been used in SC-ISEs: they include carbon nanotubes [26,27,28,29], fullerene [30,31], graphene [29,32,33,34,35], polymer/carbon composites [36,37], porous carbon [38,39,40], gold nanoclusters [41], gold nanodendrites [24], nanoporous gold films [42], gold [43,44] and platinum [45] nanoparticles, platinum nanoflowers [46], combined platinum and gold nanostructures [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Procedures for the Electrodeposition of Platinum Nanostructures on Miniaturized Electrodes for Improved Ion Sensing

Criscuolo

Taurino

Dam

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Nanostructured materials have attracted considerable interest over the last few decades to enhance sensing capabilities thanks to their unique properties and large surface area. In particular, noble metal nanostructures offer several advantages including high stability, non-toxicity and excellent electrochemical behaviour. However, in recent years the great expansion of point-of-care (POC) and wearable systems and the attempt to perform measurements in tiny spaces have also risen the need of increasing sensors miniaturization. Fast constant potential electrodeposition techniques have been proven to be an efficient way to obtain conformal platinum and gold nanostructured layers on macro-electrodes. However, this technique is not effective on micro-electrodes. In this paper, we investigate an alternative one-step deposition technique of platinum nanoflowers on micro-electrodes by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The effective deposition of platinum nanoflowers with similar properties to the ones deposited on macro-electrodes is confirmed by morphological analysis and by the similar roughness factor (~200) and capacitance (~18 μ F/mm 2 ). The electrochemical behaviour of the nanostructured layer is then tested in an solid-contact (SC) L i + -selective micro-electrode and compared to the case of macro-electrodes. The sensor offers Nernstian calibration with same response time (~15 s) and a one-order of magnitude smaller limit of detection (LOD) ( 2.6 × 10 − 6 ) with respect to the macro-ion-selective sensors (ISE). Finally, sensor reversibility and stability in both wet and dry conditions is proven.

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“…Liu et al reported a composite PANI/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) to reduce this pH-effect [39]. Numerous efforts for functionalization of PANI composites [40][41][42][43][44] have been devoted to further enhancing the analytical performance. Other CPs, for example, polyazulene [45,46], ferrocene-functionalized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) [47] are also proposed for the SC-ISEs.…”

Section: Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

et al. 2020

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Wearable sensors based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are currently attracting intensive attention in monitoring human health conditions through real-time and non-invasive analysis of ions in biological fluids. SC-ISEs have gone through a revolution with improvements in potential stability and reproducibility. The introduction of new transducing materials, the understanding of theoretical potentiometric responses, and wearable applications greatly facilitate SC-ISEs. We review recent advances in SC-ISEs including the response mechanism (redox capacitance and electric-double-layer capacitance mechanisms) and crucial solid transducer materials (conducting polymers, carbon and other nanomaterials) and applications in wearable sensors. At the end of the review we illustrate the existing challenges and prospects for future SC-ISEs. We expect this review to provide readers with a general picture of SC-ISEs and appeal to further establishing protocols for evaluating SC-ISEs and accelerating commercial wearable sensors for clinical diagnosis and family practice.

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Few-layer graphene and polyaniline composite as ion-to-electron transducer in silicone rubber solid-contact ion-selective electrodes

Cited by 62 publications

References 56 publications

Wireless, Flexible, Ion-Selective Electrode System for Selective and Repeatable Detection of Sodium

Wireless, Flexible, Ion-Selective Electrode System for Selective and Repeatable Detection of Sodium

Fast Procedures for the Electrodeposition of Platinum Nanostructures on Miniaturized Electrodes for Improved Ion Sensing

Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

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