Few-layer and large flake size borophene: preparation with solvothermal-assisted liquid phase exfoliation

Feng, Zhang; She, Liaona; Jia, Congying; He, Xuexia; Li, Qi; Sun, Jie; Lei, Zhibin; Liu, Zong‐Huai

doi:10.1039/d0ra03492d

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…3 ) structure (JCPDF 00-031-0207) (see Figure S13 in the Supporting Information). [23] Even the tetragonal symmetry phase has some peaks matching with the XRD peaks obtained for the crystal used in the present research. Moreover, rhombohedral and hexagonal lattice symmetries find a few peaks in common, in general, not identical though.…”

Section: Micromechanical Exfoliationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation

et al. 2021

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metallic), is a new sensation in the flatland. [1][2][3] Incidentally, among various 2D materials, while boron nitride (BN) has large Young's modulus but compromised mobility, phosphorene and silicene have appreciable carrier mobility but compromised elastic behavior. [4] Graphene, considered the wonder material of this century fairs exceedingly well and its carrier mobility, as well as Young's modulus, are simultaneously high, which places it at a different pedestal. [5,6] However, e-h symmetry and spin symmetry in graphene result in insufficient signal/noise ratio in electronic as well as spintronic chips. [7] Borophene, being metallic in both β 12 and X 3 crystallographic phases, also has excellent elastic strength and electronic mobility, which altogether places it at a significant pedestal among 2D materials. The evolution of borophene is expected to bring in new dimensions to 2D-materialbased next-generation devices [8] (see the schematic plot in Figure 1a for the comparative presentation of ln (mobility) vs Young's modulus for various 2D materials). [9][10][11][12][13] Anisotropic atomic ordering results in enhanced electronic mobility ≈1.82 × 10 6 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , Young's modulus ≈398 N m −1 , and thermal conductivity along atomic ridgelines. [14,15] In particular, for flexible electronic as well as spintronic chip applications, high electron mobility and Young's modulus are desirable simultaneously and borophene Borophene, the lightest among all Xenes, possesses extreme electronic mobility along with high carrier density and high Young's modulus. To accomplish device-quality borophene, novel approaches of realization of monolayers need to be urgently explored. In this work, micromechanical exfoliation is discovered to result in mono-and few-layered borophene of device quality. Borophene sheets are successfully fabricated down to monolayer thickness. Distinct crystallographic phases of borophene viz. XRD study reveals crystallographic phase transition from rhombohedral to several other eigen phases of borophene. The role of the destination substrates is held crucial in determining the final phase of the transferred sheet. The exfoliation energy is calculated by density functional theory. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to simulate the exfoliation process. Heterolayers of borophene, with black phosphorene (BP) or with molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) atomic sheets, are found to result in photoexcited coupling quantum states. Gold-coated borophene bestows promising anchoring capability for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Successful demonstration of the electronic behavior of micromechanically exfoliated borophene and excitonic behavior of borophene-based heterolayers will guide future generation devices not only in electronics and excitonics, but also in thermal management, electronic packaging, hydrogen storage, hybrid energy storage, and clean energy solutions.

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Section: Micromechanical Exfoliationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation

et al. 2021

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“…The examples given in Figure 3A were specifically chosen for two main reasons: the platelets have a well‐defined sharp edge in the AFM image and a reasonably high number of platelets were analyzed by the AFM with a complete set of analyses on <L> and <t> done by the researchers. [ 79,84,85,115 ] For FeS 2 , the AFM image shown in Figure 3A is of the largest size fraction. As it can be observed, the length of the platelets varied from 400 to 200 nm.…”

Section: Lpe Of Nonlayered Non‐van‐der‐waals (Nl‐nvdw) Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non‐Van‐Der‐Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets

Kaur

Coleman

2022

Advanced Materials

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For nearly 15 years, researchers have been using liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) to produce 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. This has yielded multiple 2D materials in a solution‐processable form whose utility has been demonstrated in multiple applications. It was believed that the exfoliation of such materials is enabled by the very large bonding anisotropy of layered materials where the strength of intralayer chemical bonds is very much larger than that of interlayer van der Waals bonds. However, over the last five years, a number of papers have raised questions about our understanding of exfoliation by describing the LPE of nonlayered materials. These results are extremely surprising because, as no van der Waals gap is present to provide an easily cleaved direction, the exfoliation of such compounds requires the breaking of only chemical bonds. Here the progress in this unexpected new research area is examined. The structure and properties of nanoplatelets produced by LPE of nonlayered materials are reviewed. A number of unexplained trends are found, not least the preponderance of isotropic materials that have been exfoliated to give high‐aspect‐ratio nanoplatelets. Finally, the applications potential of this new class of 2D materials are considered.

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“…A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the preparation of few-layers borophene with large flake sizes via the solvothermalmediated liquid phase exfoliation approach. 46 Authors studied the effect of various solvents, including N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), acetone, ethanol, acetonitrile, and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), for the exfoliation of borophene. Among these, acetone was found to be the best solvent for the synthesis of borophene with four-layer thickness and a mean size of 5.05 mm.…”

Section: Liquid-phase Exfoliation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borophene as a rising star in materials chemistry: synthesis, properties and applications in analytical science and energy devices

2022

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Few-layer and large flake size borophene: preparation with solvothermal-assisted liquid phase exfoliation

Abstract: Borophene with 4 layers and lateral size of 5.05 μm can be prepared by liquid phase exfoliation.

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation

Borophene via Micromechanical Exfoliation

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non‐Van‐Der‐Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets

Borophene as a rising star in materials chemistry: synthesis, properties and applications in analytical science and energy devices

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