Fever in children

Davies, A. M.

doi:10.7748/ns.29.1.61.s51

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…If the mothers did not follow the instructions or used other methods or medical treatment as remedies for teething problems, the child was excluded from the analysis. If systemic symptoms such as fever (temperature higher than 38 °C) [ 24 ], nausea, diarrhea or seizures were observed, the child was referred to a pediatrician [ 4 ]. The primary outcomes were clinical manifestations of tooth eruption, fever and recovery after the intervention.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: a clinical trial of nonpharmacological remedies

2015

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BackgroundTo evaluate disturbances in primary tooth eruption and their management with nonpharmacological remedies.MethodsIn this nonrandomized clinical trial, 270 children aged between 8 and 36 months were selected and divided into 5 groups with 54 children initially enrolled in each group. The children were seen during an 8-day period during tooth eruption. At each appointment data were recorded from oral examination, tympanic temperature measurement and a questionnaire. The five methods used as remedies to reduce teething symptoms were: 1) cuddle therapy, 2) ice, 3) rubbing the gums, 4) teething rings and 5) food for chewing. Teething symptoms, the type of erupted tooth, symptoms of recovery and the mother’s satisfaction with treatment were evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty four children (mean age 16 ± 7.2 months) completed the study. The most frequent teething symptoms were drooling (92 %), sleep disturbances (82.3 %) and irritability (75.6 %). These symptoms were more pronounced in low birth weight children (p > 0.05). Canine eruption led to more loss of appetite than incisor (p = 0.033) or molars eruption (p = 0.014). Low grade increases in body temperature were observed only on the day of eruption (36.70 ± 0.39 °C), when body temperature was significantly different compared to the day before and the day after eruption (both p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between fever as reported by mothers and temperature readings obtained by the investigators. The most favorable results for time to recovery and the mother’s satisfaction were seen when teething rings were used, followed by cuddle therapy and rubbing the gums.ConclusionsThere was no association between teething and symptoms such as fever or diarrhea. Low birth weight children may have more teething symptoms. Teething rings, cuddle therapy and rubbing the gums were the most effective methods to reduce symptoms.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials: code IRCT201211127402N3

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: a clinical trial of nonpharmacological remedies

2015

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“…The most commonly used definition of respiratory tract infection is any upper or lower respiratory disease and any respiratory illness associated with fever (axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C or rectal temperature ≥ 38°C) (28). Symptoms normally include at least one of the following: runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, earache, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath lasting at least two to three days or more.…”

Section: Recurrent Rtis: Definitions and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

Schaad

Esposito

Razi

2015

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Context: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) affect children all over the world and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. RTIs are usually triggered by viruses, though bacterial infections are also common. Results: Children are particularly susceptible to RTIs due to the relative immaturity of their immune systems, and genetic factors (such as family history of atopy) and/or environmental factors (such as exposure to pollution and pathogens) also render certain populations more vulnerable to infection. Furthermore, RTIs tend to be recurrent and can result in multiple infections per year. The management of recurrent RTIs poses a tremendous challenge for physicians, who have a limited armamentarium with which to alleviate patients' symptoms, treat their disease, and prevent recurrences. Conclusions: Though antibiotics are rarely indicated, they are often still used to treat RTIs. The resulting increase in bacterial resistance, the lack of treatment efficacy, and drug-related side effects all underscore the need for alternative strategies to manage recurrent RTIs. This article uses a typical pediatric case study to review central issues in the diagnosis and management of recurrent RTIs in children, with an emphasis on the role of immunomodulation as a preventive strategy.

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“…Axillary and tympanic temperatures higher than 37.2°C and 38°C were considered as high fever, respectively [ 14 ]. Trained children's nursing staff carried out temperature measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Axillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurements in Children Diagnosed with Acute Otitis Media

Doğan

Sezer

Kirkgöz

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Background. Acute otitis media [AOM] may affect the accuracy of tympanic temperature measurements. We aimed to compare tympanic temperature measurements in patients with AOM against control groups, as well as compare the tympanic temperatures with axillary thermometry. Methods. This is a prospective, observational study. Patients from pediatric outpatient and emergency clinics who were diagnosed as single-sided AOM were included consecutively in the study. Normal ears of patients and children having the same age and gender who were not diagnosed as AOM were also studied as controls. Results. In patients with AOM, infected ears had higher temperatures than normal ears with a mean of 0.48 ± 0.01°C. There was no significant difference between the right and left tympanic temperatures in control group. Compared with axillary temperature, the sensitivity of tympanic temperature in the infected ear was 91.7% and the specificity was 74.8%. Conclusion. Comparisons of axillary and tympanic temperatures in children with AOM during the active infection concluded higher tympanic temperatures in infected ears. We suggest that the higher tympanic temperatures, approximately 0.5°C in our study, in infected ears may aid in diagnosis of patients with fever without a source in pediatric clinics.

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Fever in children

Abstract: Fever is the raising of body temperature above the normal daily variation. In practice, this is -38°C (rectal or tympanic),37.5°C (oral) or 37.2°C (axillary). It is part of a systemic inflammatory response by the immune system to infection.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: a clinical trial of nonpharmacological remedies

Signs and symptoms associated with primary tooth eruption: a clinical trial of nonpharmacological remedies

Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Practical Guide

Comparison of Axillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurements in Children Diagnosed with Acute Otitis Media

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