Comparison of Axillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurements in Children Diagnosed with Acute Otitis Media

Doğan, Hatice Hilal; Sezer, Rabia Gönül; Kirkgöz, Tarık; Bozaykut, Abdülkadir

doi:10.1155/2016/1729218

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similarly, Dogan et al, found higher temperature in tympanic than axillary thermometry. 9 Brennan et al concluded in their study that tympanic thermometry was not useful for diagnosis of AOM, when compared to reference temperatures without AOM and the other ear in case of unilateral AOM. 10 We also did not find any significant difference between temperatures of the two ears in case of unilateral AOM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effectiveness of Tympanic Thermometry for diagnosing Acute Otitis Media

Zubair

Saqulain

Jawaid

2019

JIMDC

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Background: Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a common upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in children and usually presents with fever and otalgia. AOM is characterized by congested tympanic membrane and possible increase in temperature, which might be picked up by infrared tympanic thermometry. The objective of this study was to compare the temperature difference of tympanic membrane of affected ear with the unaffected ear and axilla in unilateral acute otitis media, and compare it with the control group.Material and Methods: This case control study comprised of 200 cases of both genders, aged up to 5 years. They were divided into two groups; Group A included 100 clinically diagnosed cases of acute otitis media (AOM), who reported in the ENT Outpatient Department (OPD) and Group B included 100 controls who presented in General Filter Clinic with no ear complaints. Cases with chronic ear disease, ear discharge, and use of local drugs including ear drops, impacted ear wax, tragal tenderness and congenital malformations of the ear were excluded by taking a detailed history. Clinical examination including otoscopy by an expert was done before subjecting patients to axillary and tympanic thermometry measurements and data recording. Data was collected and tabulated using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and analyzed by SPSS 16. Qualitative data like gender were presented as percentage and ratio, while means and standard deviation were calculated for the quantitative data. Difference between the means of experimental and control groups were analyzed by independent sample t-test and P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: This study included 100 cases of unilateral AOM and 100 normal controls without AOM. In patients with AOM, the mean temperature difference between the affected ear and axilla was 1.41ºF as compared to 0.075ºF in controls (p=0.026). While the mean temperature difference between the affected ear and other ear was 0.65ºF as compared to 0.19ºF in controls (p=0.069).Conclusion: In acute otitis media, the temperature of affected ear is significantly higher than axilla but was not significantly higher than the other ear. The finding may help establish thermometry as a diagnostic tool in clinics manned by doctors not competent to do otoscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effectiveness of Tympanic Thermometry for diagnosing Acute Otitis Media

Zubair

Saqulain

Jawaid

2019

JIMDC

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“…Widely accepted, the normothermic range of body temperatures is understood to be between 36 °C (96.8 °F) and 37.5 °C (99.5 °F; Mordiffi et al, 2016). Although core body temperatures are the most accurate measure of body temperature, obtaining a core body temperature requires invasive monitoring and is generally reserved for patients in the intensive care unit (Gates et al, 2018). Therefore, noninvasive methods are most commonly used; however, the accuracy of noninvasive temperatures are variable (Allegaert et al, 2014;Devrim et al, 2007;Fletcher et al, 2018;Gates et al, 2018;Hamilton et al, 2013;Ng et al, 2005;Teller et al, 2014).…”

Section: What Is Fever?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is “Hot” and What Is Not: Thermometers and Fever Control

Bultas

Wehr

2021

NASN School Nurse

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The purpose of this article is to review and help identify the advantages and disadvantages of different types of thermometers available for use and to provide guidance on fever education for the otherwise healthy child in the community and school health population. The measurement of body temperature is an essential part of standard medical care that monitors patient status, response to treatment, and helps gauge the severity and progression of disease. There are multiple types of thermometers on the market and each has advantages and disadvantages related to infection control measures, cost, and ease of use. Digital thermometers provide quick accurate results and are cost-effective. However, noncontact forehead, tympanic, or temporal scanner may be a better option for some populations of students. The noncontact forehead scanner may be a better choice when large numbers of students need to be screened. After fever has been identified, parent education should be provided, including when to seek further care and comfort measures such as safe, effective antipyretic usage.

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“…Body temperature measurement is a routine in the management of sick children for both parents and healthcare providers [1,2]. An accurate diagnosis of fever is crucial in clinical practice [3,4] and an inaccurate one could lead to serious complications and improper medical decisions [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But compared to the FST, the IRTT is more consistent with rectal temperature and is more convincing [3,8,13]. Using the aural temperature is less traumatic and allows a faster triage [14], but it has been debated for the low accuracy and reproducibility compared with other measurements [1,[14][15][16][17][18]. Over the past years, however, the IRTT have been developed and updated, and some older versions have been obsolete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic test accuracy of new generation tympanic thermometry in children under different cutoffs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shi

Zhang

2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background: The infrared tympanic thermometer (IRTT) is a popular method for temperature screening in children, but it has been debated for the low accuracy and reproducibility compared with other measurements. This study was aimed to identify and quantify studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of the new generation IRTT in children and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of IRTT under different cutoffs and give the optimal cutoff. Methods: Articles were derived from a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Embase, and were assessed for internal validity by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). The figure of risk of bias was created by Review Manager 5.3 and data were synthesized by MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Twelve diagnostic studies, involving 4639 pediatric patients, were included. The cutoffs varied from 37.0°C to 38.0°C among these studies. The cutoff 37.8°C was with the highest sROC AUC (0.97) and Youden Index (0.83) and was deemed to be the optimal cutoff. Conclusion: The optimal cutoff for infrared tympanic thermometers is 37.8°C. New Generation Tympanic Thermometry is with high diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients and can be an alternative for fever screening in children.

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Comparison of Axillary and Tympanic Temperature Measurements in Children Diagnosed with Acute Otitis Media

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Effectiveness of Tympanic Thermometry for diagnosing Acute Otitis Media

Effectiveness of Tympanic Thermometry for diagnosing Acute Otitis Media

What Is “Hot” and What Is Not: Thermometers and Fever Control

Diagnostic test accuracy of new generation tympanic thermometry in children under different cutoffs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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