Feux précoces et production fruitière de Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. en zone sud soudanienne du Burkina Faso

Abstract

Inera Département Productions forestières 03 BP7047 03 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso <bastide_brigitte@yahoo.fr> <tinsibiri_ouedraogo@yahoo.fr> Tirés à part : B. Bastide RésuméDans une forêt classée du Burkina Faso, 15 arbres d'une parcelle témoin protégée des feux et 15 arbres d'une parcelle brûlée chaque année ont été comparés afin de déterminer l'effet des feux précoces sur le rendement fruitier de Detarium microcarpum à travers leur impact sur les différents processus conduisant à la production fruitière. La floraison, le développement et la dissémination des fruits ont été étudiés. La comparaison a porté sur les dates d'apparition de quatre stades phénologiques tant pour la floraison que pour la fructification, le pourcentage de semenciers portant des fruits mûrs et les dates et quantités de fruits (immatures et mûrs) tombés au sol. Dans les conditions de cette étude, il semblerait que les feux précoces intervenant au cours de la phase de maturation des fruits provoquent une fin de fructification prématurée. Ils n'ont aucun effet sur le pourcentage de semenciers portant des fruits. Deux phases de chute de fruits communes aux deux traitements ont été notées : au début du développement des fruits (12 à 65 % de la totalité des fruits initiés suivant la parcelle et l'année) et lors de la chute des fruits mûrs. En dehors de la parcelle témoin, une perte plus importante (29 à 53 % suivant l'année) a été observée après le passage des feux précoces. Les feux précoces interviennent donc durant la phase sensible de la fructification et diminuent la production fruitière.Mots clés : Burkina Faso, écologie, Detarium microcarpum, feux précoces, production fruitière, régénération sexuée. AbstractEarly burning and Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. fruit production in the southern Sudanian zone of Burkina FasoIn a classified forest in Burkina Faso, fifteen trees located in fire protected plots and fifteen in plots burned annually were compared to determine the effects of burning on the fruit yield of Detarium microcarpum. Flowering, development and dissemination of the fruits were studied. The study compared the dates of appearance of four phenologic phases for the flowering as well as fruiting, the percentage of reproductive trees with ripe fruits and the quantities (immature and mature) of fruit which fell to the ground. Under the conditions of this study, it seems that early burning occurring during the phase of maturation of the fruits accelerates the end of fruiting. Such burnings have no effect on the percentage of reproductive trees with ripe fruits. Two phases of fruit falls common to both treatments were noted: the loss at the beginning of fruit development (12 to 65% of the estimated total initiated fruits depending on the plot and the year) and the fall of ripe fruits. Outside the reference plot, a higher loss (29 to 53% depending on the year) was observed after the occurrence of early burning.

Inventory and Biodiversity of the Entomofauna Associated with Shea Fruits (&lt;i&gt;Vitellaria paradoxa&lt;/i&gt; C. F. Gaertn), an Important Non-Timber Forest Product in the Ziro Province of Burkina Faso

“…During land clearing, farmers systematically destroy non-utilitarian woody species, which significantly reduces woody density and, as a result, the spared trees have more access to light, water, and nutrients for reproduction ([26] [27]). In contrast, in protected areas, the strong competition linked to the high density of woody plants and the late bush fires that appear during the period of full flowering negatively impact the fruit production of trees in these areas [28].…”

An Antibacterial Isovaleronitrile Diglycoside From Detarium microcarpum Guill. Perr. (Fabaceae)

“…and Perr., is a fruit bearing tree growing to a height of about 10 m, which is distributed in dry savannah regions of some western and central Africa countries such as Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Togo, Cameroon, and Central African Republic. [2][3][4] Different parts of this latter plant have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several illnesses such as stomach disorders, venereal diseases, and gastrointestinal ailments. The fruit pulp is rich in minerals, such as Ca, P, Fe, K, Na, and Mg, and essential vitamins, such as C, E, B2, and folic acid, which serves as a major food supplement during the dry season.…”