Fetomaternal outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as increased blood glucose level due to defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Undiagnosed or inadequately treated diabetes mellitus during pregnancy can lead to significant maternal and fetal complications. The study was conducted to review feto-maternal outcome in pregnancy with diabetes and to plan management of pregnancy with diabetes and to study the modalities for treatment of DM in pregnancy.Methods: A prospective case study was conducted from July 2015 to December 2018 at a tertiary care center. Study group used single step 75gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) test recommended by WHO for GDM diagnosis.Results: GDM (85%) was more common than overt diabetes (15%) and in younger age group (53.75%) and Multiparous patients (18.2%). Most of patients required insulin (81.2%) for treatment of DM during pregnancy along with medical nutrition therapy and exercise. Most common association in this patient was hypertension (41%). Rate of caesarean section (60%) was more common. Average birth weight was of >3.5 kg, intrauterine death (4.2%), preterm delivery (14.2%) and admission to NICU were also common.Conclusions: There was significant fetomaternal morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early diagnosis and treatment reduces the fetomaternal outcome.

Retrospective Study on Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…The incidence of DM in pregnancy is expected to increase to 20%. Approximately 8% of all pregnancies are complicated by GDM [2]. The prevalence may range from 1 to 14% of all pregnancies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic tests used5.…”

The Demographic Profile of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

“…Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with the onset or first time recognized during pregnancy with or without remission after the end of pregnancy. 1 Women with gestational diabetes are characterized to have a relatively diminished insulin secretion and pregnancy induced insulin resistance primarily present in the skeletal muscle tissue. Normal pregnancy is considered to be a diabetogenic state characterized by exaggerated amount of insulin release, associated with decreased sensitivity to insulin at cellular levels.…”

Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Pregnancies Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus in Abakaliki, South-East, Nigeria

“…It complicates about 10% of all pregnancies globally [2]. Diabetes during pregnancy can be divided into two subtypes: pregestational diabetes mellitus (PDM) type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [3]. GDM is defined as diabetes with first onset during pregnancy [3].…”

“…Diabetes during pregnancy can be divided into two subtypes: pregestational diabetes mellitus (PDM) type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [3]. GDM is defined as diabetes with first onset during pregnancy [3]. GDM usually constitutes around 90% of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes, while pre-existing diabetes accounts for the remaining 10% [4].…”