Fetal Skin Development

Loomis, Cynthia A.; Koss, Tamara; Chu, David H.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3432-2.50004-2

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Various studies have established the presence of a melanocyte reservoir in the lower third of the hair follicle [20,22]. Recently, melanoctyte stem cells have been demonstrated in the bulge area near the insertion of the hair follicle muscle [23]. The importance of the melanocyte reservoir is clinically evident by the fact that the face and neck have the maximum response rate to the medical therapies, followed by the proximal extremities and trunk.…”

Section: Medical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Surgical management of vitiligo

Mulekar¹

2010

Expert Review of Dermatology

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Vitiligo is a common condition characterized by hypopigmented and/or depigmented spots on the skin, affecting approximately 1-2% of the world population. Until approximately 30 years ago, it was exclusively treated by medical therapies. The most commonly used medical therapies include topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors and phototherapy. Lesions on the face and neck respond the best to medical therapies, followed by lesions on the proximal extremities and trunk, while those distributed over acral parts of extremities and nonhairy areas, such as the wrist, feet and male genitals, respond poorly. Surgical methods complement medical therapies by providing melanocytes to these refractory lesions, and are indicated for unilateral segmental and clinically stable bilateral vitiligo, refractory to medical treatment. Tissue-grafting methods include minigrafting or punch grafting, epidermal grafting and split thickness grafting. These methods use full-thickness punch grafts, roof of epidermal blisters and shave biopsy samples, respectively, as the source of melanocytes. Cellular grafting includes noncultured and cultured melanocytes/keratinocytes suspensions obtained from trypsinizing the shaved skin biopsy sample as a source of melanocytes. Recent advances over the years have enabled dermatologists to treat extensive areas located on any anatomic site in a single operative session by surgical intervention. The purpose of this review is to describe the selection criteria for the surgical treatment, their utility and limitations in the various types of vitiligo.

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Section: Medical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Surgical management of vitiligo

Mulekar¹

2010

Expert Review of Dermatology

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“…The initial stage directly correlates with the embryonic period, which is typically from zero to 60 days gestation. 3 The second stage, known as the early fetal period, occurs from 60 days to five months gestation. 3 The third stage, known as the fetal period, occurs from five to nine months gestation.…”

Section: Skin Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Skin and Chlorhexidine: A Burning Experience

Kutsch¹,

Ottinger²

2013

Neonatal Network

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“…At 12 weeks of gestation, the epidermis begins to differentiate by adding 2 or 3 layers of intermediate cells between the basal cells and periderm. Then, around 24 weeks, 4 or more layers of interstitial cells are present, followed by interfollicular keratinization at 24 to 26 weeks [10][11][12]. Therefore, the epidermis gradually matures, similar to adult skin at 24 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For neonates, for example, the skin works as a barrier against invading microbes and a regulator of both body temperature and fluid control. From a developmental standpoint, the time around 24 weeks of gestation is critical in that a significant keratinization process begins to form a multiple-layer epidermis, similar to adult skin [10][11][12], these developmental changes in skin may thus have an impact on neonatal mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%