Fetal Beta-Endorphin Levels in Response to Reductions in Uterine Blood Flow

Skillman, Carmela A.; Clark, Kenneth E.

doi:10.1159/000242656

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings are supported by the observations of Skillman and Clark [ 14] who noted a 372% increase in circulating pendorphins (from 28.5 to 104 pmol/1) in asphyxiated fetal sheep (PO2 = 13 ± 1 Torr, pH = 7.12 ± 0.07) but only a 42% rise in animals in which pH was maintained near normal (PO2 = 14 ± 2 Torr, pH = 7.34 ± 0.01). In contrast, Wardlaw et al [15] have shown a 215% increase (from 47 to 148 pmol/1) in P-endorphin concentrations in hy poxemic fetal sheep (PO2 =11 ± 1 Torr).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Plasma Catecholamine Response to Fetal Hypoxemia Is Not Potentiated by Naloxone

Lewis

Sadeghi²

1991

Neonatology

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The interaction between the plasma catecholamine response to hypoxemia and endogenous opiate receptor blockade was investigated in 9 fetal lambs. The animals were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline (control group 1) or two doses of naloxone (group 2 = 0.5 mg/kg; group 3 = 1.0 mg/kg) by bolus injection followed by continuous infusion. Arterial PO₂ decreased from 21 to 12 Torr and remained < 14 Torr for 1 h. Arterial pH declined from 7.40 to a nadir of 7.32 at 1 h. Mean plasma catecholamine concentrations rose promptly from a baseline of 524–546 pg/ml for norepinephrine (NE) and 156–235 pg/ml for epinephrine (E) to reach a peak at 15 min (NE = 2,476–3,276, p < 0.01; E = 1,856–4,065 pg/ ml, p < 0.01) and remained elevated thereafter. Neither dose of naloxone significantly altered plasma NE or E concentrations. Therefore, we conclude that endogenous opiates do not modulate the sympathoadrenal response to moderately long periods of hypoxemia unaccompanied by acidemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Plasma Catecholamine Response to Fetal Hypoxemia Is Not Potentiated by Naloxone

Lewis

Sadeghi²

1991

Neonatology

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“…In addition to this enhanced CNS opioid activity, several investi¬ gators have reported elevated ß-endorphin concentrations in peripheral plasma of women during parturition (Goland et al, 1981;Steinbrook et ai, 1982;Hoffman et al, 1984). Also in newborn human babies and lambs, high plasma ß-endorphin concentrations have been found, especially in conjunction with fetal distress (Wardlaw et ai, 1979;Ruth et ai, 1986;Skillman & Clark, 1987). Although the role of peripheral ß-endorphin has not yet been clarified, participation in the stress response has been postulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

-Endorphin and met-enkephalin in plasma of cattle during pregnancy, parturition and the neonatal period

Aurich¹,

Dobrinski²,

Hoppen³

et al. 1990

Reproduction

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Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin were measured, with appropriate radioimmunoassays, in cows during gestation and at parturition and in newborn calves. During pregnancy beta-endorphin immunoreactivity (IR) concentration increased, but values during the last month of gestation were not different from those at parturition. Highest met-enkephalin IR levels were obtained in cows during calving. A term Caesarean section caused an increase in plasma beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin IR concentrations, but no such increase occurred in cases of a preterm Caesarean section. In calves beta-endorphin IR values were lower before umbilical cord rupture than immediately after birth. Values decreased continuously thereafter. This was also the case for met-enkephalin IR concentrations in calves born at term. In preterm calves met-enkephalin IR values were low immediately after delivery and increased during the first hour of life. A significant correlation existed between the degree of acidosis and plasma levels of both opioid peptides in the calves. We conclude that a direct stimulation of peripheral beta-endorphin release by the pain or stress associated with calving does not seem to exist in cattle, whereas met-enkephalin seems to be more directly related to parturition. In calves the change to the extrauterine environment causes an immediate, increased release of both opioids.

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“…The fetus releases endorphin in response to stressful stimuli, including hypoxia [5] and reduced uterine blood flow [6]. In our study we optimized intrauterine conditions by minimizing maternal hypotension.…”

Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma β-Endorphin Levels in the Umbilical Cord Blood of Preterm Human Neonates

Ramanathan

Puig²,

Turndorf³

1989

Neonatology

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Maternal venous (MV) and neonatal umbilical venous (UV) and umbilical arterial (UA) plasma β-endorphin concentrations were measured at birth in two groups of patients undergoing cesarean section (CS). Patients in group 1 carried a term gestation (n = 12, birth weight 3,640 ± 150g, 1 SEM). Patients in group 2 (n = 12) carried a preterm gestation (birth weight 1,956 ± 150 g). In the term neonate the UV and UA plasma β-endorphin were 11.5 ± 4 and 13.5 ± 4 picomoles/liter, respectively. In the preterm neonate the UV and UA values were 23.6 ± 4 and 23.5 ± 5 picomoles/liter, respectively. Both values in the preterm neonate were significantly greater than the corresponding value in the term neonate (p < 0.05). The MV plasma β-endorphin did not significantly differ among the two groups. Data suggest that in preterm neonates increased plasma β-endorphin levels occur at the time of birth.

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Fetal Beta-Endorphin Levels in Response to Reductions in Uterine Blood Flow

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Plasma Catecholamine Response to Fetal Hypoxemia Is Not Potentiated by Naloxone

Plasma Catecholamine Response to Fetal Hypoxemia Is Not Potentiated by Naloxone

-Endorphin and met-enkephalin in plasma of cattle during pregnancy, parturition and the neonatal period

Plasma β-Endorphin Levels in the Umbilical Cord Blood of Preterm Human Neonates

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