“…Zhou, Su, and Yu (2004) showed that the antioxidant properties of the outermost layers of wheat kernel are due to the presence of the aleurone layer. These antioxidant properties are attributed to the relative abundance of phenolic compounds, primarily ferulic acid, in the aleurone layer, with respect to the other bran tissues (Esposito et al, 2005;Mateo Anson, Van Der Berg, Havenaar, Bast, & Haenen, 2008;Rhodes, Sadek, & Stone, 2002;Zhou et al, 2004). Aleurone also contains most of the lignans (Buri, von Reding, & Gavin, 2004), which are polyphenols whose metabolites act as antioxidants, exhibit antitumoral activities and have been reported to modulate the effects of estrogens (Qu, Madl, Takemoto, Baybutt, & Wang, 2005).…”