The Bioavailability and Metabolism of Phenolics, a Class of Antioxidants Found in Grains

Shi, Yan; Johnson, Jeffrey W.; O’Shea, Marianne; Chu, Yi

doi:10.1094/cfw-59-2-0052

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[6][7][8] Oral administration is the most convenient for the repeated and routine delivery of bioactive compounds. [9][10][11] However, it is most challenging due to the protection of brain by blood-brain barrier with the narrow diameter of approximately less than 20 nm that limits the entry of most bioactive molecules. Nanotechnology research has been utilized to enhance the permeability, solubility, and stability of bioactive compounds and to enhance delivery of phytobioactive compounds 12,13 to the various target sites including brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…148 Nanophytobioactive compounds and their role in PD Plant bioactive compounds are a large group that readily undergoes degradation during oral intake, leading to lower bioavailability to the brain. 9,11,60,66,[149][150][151] Nanosizing of phytobioactive compounds along with suitable protective agents enhances the bioavailability of the compound to the brain. 24,72,95,145,152 A few of the bioactive nanosize compounds with enhanced bioactivity and less toxicity are discussed in this section.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

Ganesan¹,

Ko²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

IJN

102

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Oxidative stress plays a very critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease among elderly people worldwide. Increasing evidence has suggested that phytobioactive compounds show enhanced benefits in cell and animal models of PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenosides, quercetin, and catechin are phyto-derived bioactive compounds with important roles in the prevention and treatment of PD. However, in vivo studies suggest that their concentrations are very low to cross blood–brain barrier thereby it limits bioavailability, stability, and dissolution at target sites in the brain. To overcome these problems, nanophytomedicine with the controlled size of 1–100 nm is used to maximize efficiency in the treatment of PD. Nanosizing of phytobioactive compounds enhances the permeability into the brain with maximized efficiency and stability. Several nanodelivery techniques, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoliposomes, and nanoniosomes can be used for controlled delivery of nanobioactive compounds to brain. Nanocompounds, such as ginsenosides (19.9 nm) synthesized using a nanoemulsion technique, showed enhanced bioavailability in the rat brain. Here, we discuss the most recent trends and applications in PD, including 1) the role of phytobioactive compounds in reducing oxidative stress and their bioavailability; 2) the role of nanotechnology in reducing oxidative stress during PD; 3) nanodelivery systems; and 4) various nanophytobioactive compounds and their role in PD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

Ganesan¹,

Ko²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

IJN

102

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“…Oats contain a unique group of approximately 40 different types of AVAs that consist of an anthranilic acid derivatives and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (Collins 1989;Bratt et al 2003;Dokuyucu et al 2003;Peterson & Dımberg 2008;Wıse 2011). AVAs are low molecular weight soluble phenolic compounds. Among cereals, only oats contain AVAs (Kováčová & Malinová 2007;Moglia et al 2010;Shi et al 2014). These compounds are antipathogens (phytoalexins), which are produced by the plant in response to the exposure to pathogens such as fungus (Collins & Mullin 1988;Collins 1989;Okazaki et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats - a review

Boz¹

2015

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Boz H. (2015): Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats -a review. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 399-404.Whole grain cereals such as oats are important sources of phenolic compounds. Oats contain phenolic amides, also named avenanthramides (AVAs), which have beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. The most common avenanthramides are esters of 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid with p-coumaric (AVA-A), ferulic (AVA-B), or caffeic (AVA-C) acids. The studies related to the stability of AVAs showed that AVA-B is sensitive to alkaline and neutral conditions and this sensitivity increases with higher temperatures. However, has been reported that AVA-A and AVA -C are more stable under the same conditions (alkaline and neutral conditions), and in addition that AVAs content of oats is increasing significantly with the germination process. AVAs help in preventing free radicals from damaging LDL cholesterol while AVAs-enriched extract of oats combined with vitamin C synergistically inhibited LDL oxidation in vitro. Both animal studies and human clinical trials confirmed that oats antioxidants have the potential of reducing cardiovascular risks by lowering serum cholesterol and inhibiting LDL oxidation and peroxidation. Therefore, the consumption of oats and products thereof is extremely important in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

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“…Grains are one of the most important dietary components of most of the world's population and are packed with nutrients including proteins, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants [1]. A diet rich in the whole grain is associated with a reduced risk of many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and type 2 diabetes [2]. Some of these issues are driven by excess free radicals present in the body [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum chemical investigation of the antiradical property of avenanthramides, oat phenolics

Sumayya

Babu

Muraleedharan

2021

Heliyon

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Avenanthramides (AVs) are polyphenolic components found in oats. The present work is devoted to the exploration of structure-based radical scavenging activity of nine AVs; 2p, 2f, 2c, 1p, 1c, 1f, 1s, 2s, and 3f, using M06-2X functional level of density functional theory with basis set 6-31þG(d, p) both in gas and ethanol medium. The act of compounds towards the electron transfer mechanism was analyzed with the help of a Donor-acceptor map (DAM) and classified as antioxidants and anti-reductants. The main mechanism of radical action, HAT, SET-PT, and SPLET were examined and found to be the preference of HAT and SPLET respectively in the gas phase and ethanol medium. The computed quantum mechanical atom in molecule (QTAIM) parameters; the intramolecular H-bonding, Noncovalent interactions, aromaticity also acted as pillars to supports the activity of compounds. The activity was found to be increasing with the stabilizing group ortho to the reactive phenolic OH group.

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The Bioavailability and Metabolism of Phenolics, a Class of Antioxidants Found in Grains

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats - a review

Quantum chemical investigation of the antiradical property of avenanthramides, oat phenolics

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The Bioavailability and Metabolism of Phenolics, a Class of Antioxidants Found in Grains

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson&rsquo;s disease models

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson&rsquo;s disease models

Phenolic amides (avenanthramides) in oats - a review

Quantum chemical investigation of the antiradical property of avenanthramides, oat phenolics

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Product

Resources

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Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models

Recent trends in the development of nanophytobioactive compounds and delivery systems for their possible role in reducing oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease models