Fertilizers, 1. General

Kiiski, Harri; Scherer, Heinrich W.; Mengel, K.; Kluge, Günter; Severin, K.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub4

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“…The fuel utilization level depends on the current density drawn from the cell. The power, and efficiency, η of the SOFC can be determined using the following equation [1] and [2], respectively.…”

Section: Experiments Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Ammonia in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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Ammonia (NH3) has 17.8 wt% hydrogen and is easily liquified at 25°C and 8 bar pressure. Ammonia is carbon-free and can be produced sustainably at large scale and low cost. Solid oxide fuel cells generate electricity with efficiencies greater than 60% and can use ammonia as fuel without the need for external cracking. In this work, a single-cell SOFC was characterized using the in-situ ammonia decomposition reaction (Int-ADR) and compared with the ex-situ ammonia decomposition reaction (Ext-ADR), and pure hydrogen (H2 100%), between temperatures of 750°C and 850°C. Constant load tests performed at 800°C with 84% fuel utilization reached the LHV efficiency of 58%. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) of Int-ADR was similar to that of Ext-ADR, confirming that usage of ammonia as fuel in the Ni-YSZ anode involved two steps (i) ammonia decomposition into nitrogen and hydrogen and (ii) electrochemical conversion of hydrogen into steam.

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Section: Experiments Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%