Fertilization of human oocytes by microinjection of a single spermatozoon under the zona pellucida

Laws-King, Andrea; Trounson, Alan; Sathananthan, Henry; Kola, Ismail

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59478-3

Cited by 177 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This specific technique of SUZI evolved from animal studies that demonstrated that fertilization and development to birth of healthy live young [3] was possible. Fertilization of human oocytes [24][25][26] and human pregnancies [4] and live births [27] stimulated an increase in the clinical use of this procedure for patients who had failed to achieve fertilization in vitro and for patients with too few (or only immotile) spermatozoa to even attempt in vitro fertilization [28,29]. Pavasuthipaisit et al [30] compared fertilization and embryo development in cattle after SUZI and ICSI, and obtained a higher fertilization with ICSI, although the embryonic development to the hatched blastocyst stage was similar in both groups.…”

Section: Subzonal Sperm Insertion (Suzi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization in Animals and Human.

Goto

1997

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Section: Subzonal Sperm Insertion (Suzi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization in Animals and Human.

Goto

1997

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…Since semen quality in these patients does not appear to improve significantly with follow-up, the IVF manipulations should improve the pregnancy rate, especially with the introduction of the microsurgical intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique, 13 which allows the use of sperm counts less than one million per mL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrotal Exploration in 123 Azoospermic Patients: The Results of Surgery for Obstructive Azoospermia

Mansi

1995

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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During the last eight years, scrotal exploration for attempted vasoepididymostomy was performed in 123 azoospermic patients at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. All patients had normal or slightly elevated serum FSH, and normal-size testes (at least on one side). Testicular biopsy was not recommended but had already been done before referral in 73 patients and was reported to show normal spermatogenesis or mild hypospermatogenesis. Vasoepididymostomy could be performed in only 83 (67.5%) patients using the conventional fistula technique in 34 patients and microsurgical single tubule anastomosis in 49 patients. Sixty-seven patients were followed between six and 30 months (mean 17.8 months). Among these patients, 25 produced sperm in the ejaculate with a patency rate of 37.3 percent and seven patients impregnated their wives, for a pregnancy rate of 10.4%. These pregnancies resulted in four living children. The patency rate with the conventional fistula technique was (7/ Azoospermia can result from either failure of the testes to produce sperm or obstruction anywhere along the seminal tract. Small semen volume and a low fructose level in the seminal fluid indicate obstruction at the ejaculatory duct or congenital absence of the vas deferens.1 Epididymal obstruction can result from several congenital and acquired causes. Congenital epididymal abnormalities can range from absence of the body and tail of the epididymis along with the vas deferens, seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts to skip areas within the epididymal body and nonunion between the epididymis and the vas deferens. Surgical correction is only feasible when there is a patent vas deferens and sperm within a portion of the epididymis. Acquired epididymal obstruction is more likely to occur within the epididymis secondary to inflammatory processes, vasectomy and iatrogenic injury during transscrotal operations such as spermatocelectomy, testicular biopsy or hydrocelectomy.2 Diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia is supported by normal-size testes, normal serum FSH and normal spermatogenesis on testicular biopsy. Epididymal obstruction is in favor with palpable vas deferens, positive fructose in seminal fluid and distended epididymis.3 Surgically correctable epididymal obstructions are managed by anastomosing the patent vas deferens to the epididymal tubule proximal to the site of obstruction. This can be achieved by basically two techniques: the conventional fistula technique and the microsurgical single tubule anastomosis technique.The epididymal tubule is about 20 feet long, coiled and squeezed into a 2-inch length. The dilated epididymal tubule has a diameter of 0.1 to 0.2 mm.4 Surgery on such a fine structure definitely needs magnification for achieving anatomic specificity and a high percentage of patent anastomosis.We present our experience with scrotal exploration for 123 azoospermic patients, and the results of vasoepididymostomy performed in 83 patients during the last eight years.

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“…Subzonal insemination (SUZI) was the next step in micromanipulation techniques. [19][20][21][22] SUZI enabled the immediate delivery of several motile sperm cells into the perivitelline space by means of an injection pipette. 23 ICSI is even more invasive because a single spermatozoon is directly injected into the ooplasma, thereby crossing not only the zona pellucida but also the oolemma.…”

Section: History Of Icsimentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamete and Embryo Manipulation

Bormann¹

2014

Yen &Amp; Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology

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Fertilization of human oocytes by microinjection of a single spermatozoon under the zona pellucida

Cited by 177 publications

References 13 publications

Current Status and Future of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization in Animals and Human.

Current Status and Future of Micromanipulation-Assisted Fertilization in Animals and Human.

Scrotal Exploration in 123 Azoospermic Patients: The Results of Surgery for Obstructive Azoospermia

Gamete and Embryo Manipulation

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