Fertility Decline and Pronatalist Policy in Singapore

Lee, Sharon M.; Alvarez, Gabriel C.; Palen, J. John

doi:10.2307/2133557

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Surveys of women in these countries show that most young women would like to start a family (Lee, Alvarez, and Palen 1991; Westley et al 2010); however, with the expanded opportunities to continue their education and develop their careers, they are marrying later or not marrying at all. Increasing social acceptance of premarital sex and the cost of raising a family (including the opportunity cost for the woman who interrupts her career to give birth) are further deterrents to marriage and having children (Call et al 2008; Westley et al 2010).…”

Section: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Women in Food Provision and Food Choice Decision-Making in Singapore: A Case Study

Wang

Naidoo

Ferzacca

et al. 2014

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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As countries develop economically and increasing numbers of women enter the workforce, children are partly being cared for by someone other than their mother. Little is known about the impact of this shift in child-care provider on children’s nutrition. This study presents findings from a case study of Singapore, a small country that has experienced phenomenal economic growth. Focus groups were conducted with 130 women of varying educational levels and ethnicities to learn about food decisions in their families. The findings showed that Singaporean working women cook infrequently, families eat out frequently, and children exert considerable influence on food choices. Implications for work–family policies and child health are discussed.

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Section: The Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Women in Food Provision and Food Choice Decision-Making in Singapore: A Case Study

Wang

Naidoo

Ferzacca

et al. 2014

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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“…In fact, in East Asian countries where fertility has reached lowest-low levels, governments have launched ambitious pronatalist policies, which however remain without clear effect (Eun 2007;Jones et al 2008;Lee 2009a;Lee et al 1991;Lee 2009b;McDonald 2006a;Suzuki 2006Suzuki , 2009. It is likely that one of the key factors in the success of pronatalist policies in Mongolia is the fact that these programs were adopted before the emergence in the society, and more importantly in people's minds, of low and lowest-low fertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future low fertility prospects in Mongolia? An evaluation of the factors that support having a child

Spoorenberg

Byambaa

2009

J Pop Research

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With 2.59 children per woman in 2008, Mongolia appears today as an exception in East Asia where fertility rates are far below the replacement level. Moreover, from its historical nadir of 1.95 children per women in 2005, fertility is on the rise. This paper first presents recent fertility development in Mongolia. Second, based on the experiences of European and East Asian countries, factors contributing to the development of low fertility are discussed in reference to the Mongolian context. Most of these factors are indeed found in Mongolia and could probably contribute to reducing fertility in the future. However, the country also presents cultural-family practices and recently-adopted fertility-family incentives which may support and stabilize fertility rates. These recent fertility-incentives factors and policies adopted by the Government of Mongolia are discussed in the final part from the perspective of equity, efficiency, and efficacy proposed by McDonald (2006b, ''An assessment of policies that support having children from the perspectives of equity, efficiency and efficacy'', Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2006, Special issue on 'Postponement of childbearing on Europe', 213-234). The aim is to determine if these measures are efficient to counterbalance and cancel out the depressing fertility effects.

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“…In 1966, Singapore implemented policies intended to lower fertility further (Cheung, 1998, p. 155). The relative success of the fertility reduction program in Singapore, in comparison to programs in other countries with similar goals, has been widely noted (Fawcett & Khoo, 1980;Lee, Alvarez & Palen, 1991;Saw, 1975). Figure 1 shows the total fertility rate (TFR) 1 in Singapore 1950(United Nations, 2001.…”

Section: Fertility Policies In Singapore Since 1966mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Education policies: Priority in choice of school is given to first and second children if a parent was sterilized before age 40 and if no more than three children were born; (3) Income tax policies: Income tax deductions are lower or not given for the third and later children; (4) Housing policies: Large families no longer have priority in obtaining larger units in public housing, and those families with no more than three children are allowed to sublet rooms; (5) Other policies: Government employees get paid leave after sterilization, and abortion and sterilization are heavily subsidized (Fawcett, 1979;Fawcett & Khoo, 1980;Lee et al, 1991).…”

Section: Fertility Policies In Singapore Since 1966mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended Population Consequences of Policies

Anderson

2003

Population and Environment

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Unintended population consequences of policies stem from three sources: (1) A policy overshoots its original goal; (2) different policies conflict, so that the implementation of one policy inhibits implementation of another policy; (3) negative consequences of a policy are unforeseen, or are anticipated but judged unlikely to be severe or considered less important than the positive aims of the policy. Examples from Singapore, South Africa, Italy, the U.S., and the former Soviet Union are discussed.

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Fertility Decline and Pronatalist Policy in Singapore

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

The Role of Women in Food Provision and Food Choice Decision-Making in Singapore: A Case Study

The Role of Women in Food Provision and Food Choice Decision-Making in Singapore: A Case Study

Future low fertility prospects in Mongolia? An evaluation of the factors that support having a child

Unintended Population Consequences of Policies

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