Ferrous metallurgy

Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Application to the determination of alloying and impurity elements in low and high alloy steels

“…The three major constituents in the mixture additions are usually Ce, La, and Pr and their concentrations in steel range downward to 0.008, 0.005, and <0.005 wt %, respectively (25). Although spark excitation optical emission or X-ray fluorescence techniques for the determination of these elements in steels have been described (26)(27)(28), many of the methods require prior chemical separation of the rare earths. In contrast, these elements can be determined directly in the dissolved steels when the inductively coupled plasma is used as the excitation source, as shown by "This sample was run on a time integration of 20 sec without the internal reference channel.…”

Analytical applications of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy

“…The concen trations of Ce, La, and Pr In these special steels range down to 0.008%, 0.005%, and < 0.005% respectively (124). Two recent review articles (125,126) on ferrous metallurgy have summarized the methods proposed for the determination of these rare earths in steels. Most of the methods use optical emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the Individual elements.…”