Ferritin Is a Marker of Inflammation rather than Iron Deficiency in Overweight and Obese People

Khan, Abidullah; Khan, Wazir Muhammad; Ayub, Maimoona; Humayun, Mohammad; Mohammad, Haroon

doi:10.1155/2016/1937320

Cited by 95 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In this study, 85% of obese subjects had CRP levels >3 mg/dL and 44% had levels >8 mg/dL, the former level representing subclinical inflammation and the latter clinical levels of inflammation . Other studies have reported similar direct correlations between BMI and higher CRP levels …”

Section: Obesity‐associated Modifications Of Iron Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 75%

Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis

et al. 2018

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Iron deficiency and anaemia after metabolic surgery, potentially modifiable nutritional complications, are becoming an increasing cause for concern as prevalence increases with time and there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of the current guidelines for prophylactic oral iron supplementation and treatment for deficiency.Abnormalities in iron nutrition predisposing to deficiency are common in severely obese patients, and the low-grade systemic inflammation, also common to these patients, reduces the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation. The surgical procedures result in alterations of foregut anatomy and physiology, which limit iron absorptive capacity and daily food intake. These alterations and the limited effects of oral iron supplementation explain the high prevalence of postoperative iron deficiency and anaemia. This review outlines current mechanisms concerning the pathogenesis of disordered iron nutrition in patients with severe obesity, current gaps in knowledge, and opportunities for quality improvement.

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Section: Obesity‐associated Modifications Of Iron Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 75%

Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis

et al. 2018

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“…Ferritin levels were also marginally modified by dietary intervention, with a significant reduction over time. As ferritin has been shown to be a marker of inflammation rather than iron deficiency in subjects with obesity [27], and ketosis has been widely proven to have an anti-inflammatory effect [28], we believe that this reduction parallels reduced systemic inflammation in our patients. However, no other inflammatory markers were assessed in this study, and we therefore cannot confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Safe and Effective Tool for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity and Mild Kidney Failure

Bruci¹,

et al. 2020

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Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are an effective and increasingly used tool for weight loss. Traditionally considered high protein, ketogenic diets are often looked at with concern by clinicians due to the potential harm they pose to kidney function. We herein evaluated the efficacy and safety of a VLCKD in patients with obesity and mild kidney failure. A prospective observational real-life study was conducted on ninety-two patients following a VLCKD for approximately 3 months. Thirty-eight had mild kidney failure and fifty-four had no renal condition and were therefore designated as control. Anthropometric parameters, bioelectrical impedance and biochemistry data were collected before and at the end of the dietary intervention. The average weight loss was nearly 20% of initial weight, with a significant reduction in fat mass. We report an improvement of metabolic parameters and no clinically relevant variation regarding liver and kidney function. Upon stratification based on kidney function, no differences in the efficacy and safety outcomes were found. Interestingly, 27.7% of patients with mild renal failure reported normalization of glomerular filtrate after dietary intervention. We conclude that, when conducted under the supervision of healthcare professionals, a VLCKD is an effective and safe treatment for weight loss in patients with obesity, including those affected by mild kidney failure.

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“…Some other studies have analyzed correlation between hemoglobin and ferritin. Study by Khan et al showed that among overweight and obese people, ferritin had negative correlation with Hb, iron, TIBC, and transferrin saturation ( p < 0.001) [13]. Another study including pregnant women in third trimester showed that ferritin had weak correlation with hemoglobin (with Spearman coefficient of 0.21) [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Children Starting First Year of School Life and Their Association with Weight and Height

Ahmad¹,

Farooq²,

Maham³

et al. 2018

Anemia

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The objectives of the study were to ascertain frequency of anemia and iron deficiency among children starting first year of school life and test association with height and weight. One in four children starting first year of school life in five schools of Rabwah, Pakistan, was included. Full blood counts and ferritin levels of the children included in the study were checked. Status of their height and weight was determined according to Z-score charts. Chi-square test was used to test association. Two hundred and ninety-five children with median age of 67 months were included in the study. Out of 295, 240 (81.4%) had normal Hb and 55 (18.6%) had anemia. Ferritin levels were found to be below normal level in 242 (82%) children. There was no significant difference between hemoglobin and ferritin levels of children belonging to different categories of height and weight. Spearman test showed that there was very weak correlation between ferritin and hemoglobin levels (rs = .163). Our conclusions were that iron deficiency without anemia is very frequent among children starting first year of school. Regression models show that ferritin levels cannot be predicted by independent variables like status of height and weight on Z-score charts, age, gender, and anemia.

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Ferritin Is a Marker of Inflammation rather than Iron Deficiency in Overweight and Obese People

Cited by 95 publications

References 27 publications

Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis

Metabolic surgery and iron homeostasis

Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Safe and Effective Tool for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity and Mild Kidney Failure

Frequency of Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Children Starting First Year of School Life and Their Association with Weight and Height

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