Ferrimonas sediminicola sp. nov. and Ferrimonas aestuarii sp. nov., Fe(III)-reducing bacteria isolated from marine environments

Abstract

Two Gram-stain-negative, Fe(III)-reducing, facultatively anaerobic, motile via a single polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated IMCC35001T and IMCC35002T, were isolated from tidal flat sediment and seawater, respectively. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that IMCC35001T and IMCC35002T shared 96.6 % sequence similarity and were most closely related to Ferrimonas futtsuensis FUT3661T (98.6 %) and Ferrimonas kyonanensis Asr22-7T (96.8 %), respectively. Draft genome sequences of IMCC35001T and IMCC35002T revealed 4.0 and 4.8 Mbp of genome size with 61.0 and 51.8 mol% of DNA G+C content, respectively. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 73.1 and 19.8 %, respectively, indicating that they are separate species. The two genomes showed ≤84.4 % ANI and ≤27.8 % dDDH to other species of the genus Ferrimonas , suggesting that the two strains each represent novel species. The two strains contained both menaquinone (MK-7) and ubiquinones (Q-7 and Q-8). Major fatty acids of strain IMCC35001T were iso-C15 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c, C17 : 1 ω8c and C16 : 0 and those of strain IMCC35002 T were C18 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c). Major polar lipids in both strains were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipid, unidentified aminophospholipid and unidentified lipids. The two strains reduced Fe(III) citrate, Fe(III) oxyhydroxide, Mn(IV) oxide and sodium selenate but did not reduce sodium sulfate. They were also differentiated by several phenotypic characteristics. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic data, IMCC35001T and IMCC35002T were considered to represent each novel species in the genus Ferrimonas , for which the names Ferrimonas sediminicola sp. nov. (IMCC35001T=KACC 21161T=NBRC 113699T) and Ferrimonas aestuarii (IMCC35002T=KACC 21162T=NBRC 113700T) sp. nov. are proposed.

Phylogenetic investigation of Gammaproteobacteria proteins involved in exogenous long-chain fatty acid acquisition and assimilation

“…The latter may especially be the case if homologs like VC2341 are specialized for specific fatty acids which are not found in the Pasteurellales environment. It is tempting to speculate that the VC2341 homolog evolved from an aquatic lifestyle since almost all bacteria in its cluster inhabit marine environments [ [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] ].…”

“…For PlsC ( Appendix E 1-4 ), the Mr. Bayes phylogram based on amino acid sequences ( Appendix E1 ) presents Enterobacterales and Vibrionales as the innermost branch with Pasteurellales as more external. This may indicate the greater divergence of Pasteurellales sequences of PlsC compared to Enterobacterales and Vibrionales, which could reflect the differing environments inhabited by species of this order [ [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] ]. Interestingly, the RAxML amino acid and Mr. Bayes nucleotide phylogenetic trees ( Appendix E2 and E3 , respectively) more closely match the arrangement between orders as seen by previous studies [ 3 , 18 ], although Enterobacterales is paraphyletic instead of monophyletic in the internal branch in the RAxML amino acid based phylogram ( Appendix E2 ).…”

Ferrimonas lipolytica sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from seawater

“…The genus Ferrimonas belonging to the family Ferrimonadaceae of the order Alteromonadales was first proposed by Rosselló-Mora et al [1]. At the time writing, the genus Ferrimonas contains ten species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/ferrimonas), all of these species have been isolated from various marine environments such as coastal [2–4] or tidal flat sediment [5, 6], marine algae [7] or animals [2] and seawater [6, 8]. Members of genus Ferrimonas comprise Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria with menaquinone-7 as major respiratory quinone.…”

“…The CDSs were searched against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases to analyse the gene function and metabolic pathways [18]. The DNA G+C content of S7 T calculated from the whole-genome sequence was 49.4 %, which was a significantly lower value than the range of 55-61 % for all other species in the genus Ferrimonas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] (Table S2). To classify the position of S7 T in the genus Ferrimonas using genome-sequence-based comparison, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value was calculated using the genome-to-genome distance calculator (http:// ggdc.…”

“…bacterio. net/ ferrimonas), all of these species have been isolated from various marine environments such as coastal [2][3][4] or tidal flat sediment [5,6], marine algae [7] or animals [2] and seawater [6,8]. Members of genus Ferrimonas comprise Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rodshaped bacteria with menaquinone-7 as major respiratory quinone.…”