FERONIA Receptor Kinase Integrates with Hormone Signaling to Regulate Plant Growth, Development, and Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Abstract

Plant hormones are critical chemicals that participate in almost all aspects of plant life by triggering cellular response cascades. FERONIA is one of the most well studied members in the subfamily of Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like (CrRLK1Ls) hormones. It has been proved to be involved in many different processes with the discovery of its ligands, interacting partners, and downstream signaling components. A growing body of evidence shows that FERONIA serves as a hub to integrate inter- and intracellular signals in response to internal and external cues. Here, we summarize the recent advances of FERONIA in regulating plant growth, development, and immunity through interactions with multiple plant hormone signaling pathways.

Cellooligomer/CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 Signaling Exhibits Crosstalk with PAMP-Triggered Immune Responses and Sugar Metabolism in Arabidopsis Roots

“…FER restricted ROS production induced by CT or chitin in roots ( Figure 6 ). FER is involved in numerous physiological processes and regulated by a myriad of apoplastic and cytoplasmic factors [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The receptor kinase also modulates cellulose and starch content [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], and acts as a scaffold to promote PAMP-triggered immunity [ 64 ]; however, we did not observe that stimulation of WRKY30 / 40 expression by chitin or CT was affected by FER ( Supplementary Figure S3 ).…”

Cell Wall Integrity Signaling in Fruit Ripening

“…and among these characterized members, FER and THE have attracted particular interest, owing to their special roles in CWI signaling [ 14 , 132 , 133 ]. CrRLK1Ls have been reviewed many times [ 7 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 23 ]. As this article aims to review CWI signaling in fruit ripening, we will summarize and discuss our recent knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of FER and THE signaling in fruit ripening, with other members and biological processes not covered in the present review.…”

“…Among these RLKs, the CrRLK1Ls family, which consists of 17 members, has conceived special attention owing to their critical roles in the diversity of biological processes [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Nevertheless, most of the of CrRLK1Ls have not been functionally characterized except for FER1 and THE1, two members of CrRLK1Ls, which have increasingly demonstrated to be key sensors of CWI impairment [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that FER and THE may play important roles in fruit ripening via modulation of hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

FERONIA functions through Target of Rapamycin (TOR) to negatively regulate autophagy

“…FERONIA (FER) is a receptor-like kinase (RLK) and belongs to the Catharantus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) subfamily. FER functions together with co-receptors LLGs/LRE, cell wall components, such as LRX proteins and pectin, and ligands such as RALFs to regulate many downstream signaling components to play essential roles in plant growth and development, reproduction and stress responses ( Boisson-Dernier et al, 2011 ; Lindner et al, 2012 ; Haruta et al, 2014 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Franck et al, 2018 ; Zhao et al, 2018 ; Duan et al, 2020 ; Solis-Miranda and Quinto, 2021 ; Lin et al, 2022 ; Xie et al, 2022 ). FER was first identified for its crucial role in female reproduction, as loss-of-function fer mutants displays reduced fertility due to pollen tube overgrowth ( Escobar-Restrepo et al, 2007 ).…”