Fermented liquid feed for pigs: an ancient technique for the future

Abstract

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:4. By mixing with water, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow’s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.

Environmental and health impacts of using food waste as animal feed: a comparative analysis of food waste management options

“…For this reason, wet food waste feed, or “swill”, has long been a favoured pig feed for smallholder farmers (Westendorf, 2000). Most industrial pig farms in the UK currently use dried feeds; wet feeding is more common in other EU nations, such as the Netherlands, where it is favoured because it permits the use of wet agricultural wastes, such as distillery wastes or beet tails (van Zanten et al., 2014), and because of reported nutritional benefits of wet feeding (Brooks et al., 2001, Missotten et al., 2015). …”

Salmonellosis in swine: Clinical perspectives

“…It has also been shown that it was effective in reducing pig diarrhea and intestinal burden of Salmonella as well (Yin et al, 2014). Giving feed fermented liquid to pigs was shown to improve the performance of pigs of all ages (Missotten et al, 2015).…”

Fermented Animal Source Protein as Substitution of Fishmeal on Intestinal Microbiota, Immune-Related Cytokines and Resistance to Vibrio mimicus in Freshwater Crayfish (Cherax cainii)

“…The intestine of animals is a complex microbial ecosystem harboring a dynamic consortium of microorganisms, which can play pivotal roles in host health with multiple functions, including absorbing nutrients, improving energy production, and balancing the immune response (Hooper et al, 2002;Bates et al, 2006;Semova et al, 2012). Previous studies have found that ingestions of microbial fermented diets modulated the gut microbes of animals with the most common changes in stomach and small intestine due to fermentation reported to be an increase in the concentration of lactic acid bacteria and numbers of yeast cells (Canibe and Jensen, 2003;Missotten et al, 2015). These microbiological changes can act to protect the animals from enteropathogens (Missotten et al, 2015).…”

“…Previous studies have found that ingestions of microbial fermented diets modulated the gut microbes of animals with the most common changes in stomach and small intestine due to fermentation reported to be an increase in the concentration of lactic acid bacteria and numbers of yeast cells (Canibe and Jensen, 2003;Missotten et al, 2015). These microbiological changes can act to protect the animals from enteropathogens (Missotten et al, 2015). Ashayerizadeh et al (2017) reported that fermented rapeseed meal reduced the colonization of Salmonella enterica serovar in the gut and internal organs of broiler chicks, potentially protecting against Salmonella infections.…”