Fenthion induced toxicity and histopathological changes in gill tissue of freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Abstract

Fenthion is an organophosphate pesticide commonly used in agriculture and public health for the control of insect pests. The present study investigated the toxic effect of fenthion and the histopathological alterations in the gill tissue of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The 96 h LC 50 value of fenthion in C. gariepinus determined by probit analysis was found to be 39.97 mg/L. Fish exposed to different fenthion concentrations showed clinical signs such as erratic swimming, attempt to jump out of water, increased opercula frequencies, air gasping, mucus secretion followed by exhaustion and death. To evaluate the histopathological changes in the gill tissue, fish were exposed to 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/L corresponding to 1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 th , respectively of 96 h LC 50 of fenthion for 21 days and 7 days recovery. Gill disorder and fusion of the secondary lamellar were pronounced in all treatments. Alterations in gill structure exposed to the highest concentration were oedema, lifting of lamellar epithelia, destruction of gill architecture and lamellar fusion. From the findings, it can be deduced that fenthion-induced alterations are irreversible and therefore should be applied with caution in the environment so as to reduce its damage to aquatic organisms.

Cypermethrin pesticide-induced effects in carp fish (Cirrhinus mrigala): acute and chronic toxicity

“…Therefore, this present study was designed to gain a clear understanding of the impact of cypermethrin on this particular sh species. It's important to note that behavioral changes in sh are among the most sensitive indicators of potential toxic effects resulting from pesticide exposure (Somdare et al 2015). Consistent with numerous previous investigations, pyrethroids have been shown to be toxic to freshwater shes, as evidenced by earlier studies.…”

Evaluation of acute toxicity and histology effect on liver of glyphosate and atrazine in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

“…[54] Previously reported LC 50 values of glyphosate in C. gariepinus, T. zillii, O. niloticus, C. punctatus, Arabian pupfish (Aphanius dispar), Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and P. caudimaculatus were 0.05-43.65, [16] 211.80, [18] 16,8, [55] 32.540, [56] 115.25, [57] 240, [58] and 975 ppm, [59] respectively. The present study also showed that the glyphosate is nontoxic to C. gariepinus, in comparison to other pesticides, such as LC 50 of cypermethrin at 0.063 ppm, [60] diethyl phthalate at 3.931 ppm, [44] diazinon at 7.3 ppm, [61] fenthion at 39.97 ppm, [62] chlorpyrifos at 160 ppb, [63] acetamiprid at 265.7 ppm, lambdacyhalothrin at 0.00083 ppm and Acer at 0.210 ppm. [35] The 96 h-LC 50 of Atraforce was calculated and found to be 3.165 ppm.…”