This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of two processing methods (smoking and solar drying) on the proximate content, organoleptic characteristics and nutritional qualities of Clarias gariepinus. The moisture content of the smoked fish sample was lower (8.10%) than that of the sun dried sample (25.00%). The crude protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract of the smoked fish sample were 67.20, 1.75, 13.20, 5.50, 3.68 and 2.32%, respectively, compared to 52.50, 4.07, 17.40, 11.40, 2.00 and 18.30% observed in the sun-dried fish, respectively. Mean scores of organoleptic evaluation showed that both processed fish products were preferred (≥ 7.00) by the trained panellists. However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the two processed fish products in terms of organoleptic assessment. Smoked fish had better flavour, taste, texture and general acceptability than the solar-dried fish as revealed by the panellists. With better reduction in moisture content and higher protein content observed in fish subjected to smoking, it is concluded that smoking is better than solar drying in the processing of C. gariepinus.
FULL LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE Caterpillars are important food for many Central African countries (Menzel & D'Aluisio 2004). More than 80% of the people in Central African Republic consume caterpillars, 70% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R.C) and more than 90% in Botswana. Currently, hundreds of tons of 'Mopanie' are exported annually from Botswana and South Africa to Zambia and Zimbabwe.
A total of 28 plant species visited by the honeybee Apis mellifera adansonii Latrielle were observed and collected from September 2006-January 2008 in Zaria, Nigeria using secateur and plant presses to cut and preserve the specimens. A digital camera was used to photograph the honeybees on plants. The plants were categorized into 15 Families with Leguminosae having 5(18%) of the Families being the largest followed by the Family Asteraceae 4(14%). About 57.1% were annuals while 42.9% were perennials. The discussion is focused on the identification of indigenous plants that produce nectar and pollen with good honey potentials in parts of northern Nigeria. It is recommended that wild plants with good honey production potentials be identified and cultivated to supplement available food sources for increased honey production.
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