Femur strength predictions by nonlinear homogenized voxel finite element models reflect the microarchitecture of the femoral neck

Iori, Gianluca; Peralta, Laura; Reisinger, Andreas; Heyer, Frans; Wyers, Caroline E.; Bergh, Joop van den; Pahr, Dieter H.; Raum, Kay

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.03.005

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…10 B and Table 5 ), which was to be expected due to the bone being a highly complex composite material in comparison to PLA. However, the samples tested in this study lie well in the range of reported literature values for human bones which range from an average of 3500 N (for 20 samples tested) [ 51 ] to 6600 N (with a broad scatter range 3780–12,396 N) [ 52 ]. In general, a significant variation in mechanical properties of human bones is observed as values of up to 9196 ± 3177 N [ 40 ] and 8890 ± 377 N [ 43 ] are also reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries

2022

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Background Bone is a highly complex composite material which makes it hard to find appropriate artificial surrogates for patient-specific biomechanical testing. Despite various options of commercially available bones with generic geometries, these are either biomechanically not very realistic or rather expensive. Methods In this work, additive manufacturing was used for the fabrication of artificial femoral bones. These were based on CT images of four different commercially available femoral bone surrogates and three human bones with varying bone density. The models were 3D printed using a low-budget fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer and PLA filament. The infill density was mechanically calibrated and varying cortical thickness was used. Compression tests of proximal femora simulating stance were performed and the biomechanical behavior concerning ultimate force, spring stiffness, and fracture pattern were evaluated as well as compared to the results of commercial and cadaveric bones. Results Regarding the ultimate forces and spring stiffness, the 3D printed analogs showed mechanical behavior closer to their real counterparts than the commercially available polyurethan-based surrogates. Furthermore, the increase in ultimate force with increasing bone density observed in human femoral bones could be reproduced well. Also, the fracture patterns observed match well with fracture patterns observed in human hip injuries. Conclusion Consequently, the methods presented here show to be a promising alternative for artificial generic surrogates concerning femoral strength testing. The manufacturing is straightforward, cheap, and patient-specific geometries are possible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries

2022

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“…For each tibia, the cross-section was cut from the midshaft and at 19.5 ± 3.8 cm away from the proximal end of the bone (Iori et al, 2019). For each femur, the cross-section was extracted from the diaphysis at 80 mm below the lesser trochanter (Iori et al, 2020).…”

Section: Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Wave Velocities in Cortical Bone Reflect Porosity and Compression Strength

Peralta¹,

Redin²,

Fan³

et al. 2021

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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The goal of this study is to evaluate whether ultrasonic velocities in cortical bone can be considered as a proxy for mechanical quality of cortical bone tissue reflected by porosity and compression strength. Micro-computed tomography, compression mechanical testing, and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy were used to assess, respectively porosity, strength, and velocity of bulk waves of both shear and longitudinal polarisations propagating along

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“…Under the stance posture, hip strength has been proposed to be mainly determined by the stiffer cortical compartment, with marginal contributions from trabecular bone 32 . However, over‐adapted femora are particularly fragile under sideways falls, 33 especially in the elderly. A recent experiment has shown that the stance load capacity of the femur is greater than sideways fall load capacity 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Assessment of Age‐ and Loading Configuration‐Related Changes in Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of the Human Proximal Femur Using MRI‐Based Finite Element Analysis

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background MRI‐based finite element analysis (MRI‐FEA) is the only method able to assess microstructural and whole‐bone mechanical properties of the hip in vivo. Purpose To examine whether MRI‐FEA is capable of discriminating age‐related changes in whole‐bone mechanical performance and micromechanical behavior of the proximal femur, particularly considering the most common hip fracture‐related sideways fall loading. Study Type Retrospective. Subjects A total of nine younger (27 ± 3.2 years) and nine elderly (61 ± 3.9 years) healthy volunteers. Field Strength/Sequence 3T; 3D fast field echo sequence. Assessment The left proximal femurs were scanned and FE models created. FEA was performed to simulate sideways fall and stance loading for each femoral model. Apparent stiffness and high‐risk (90th percentile) tensile and compressive strains of the proximal femur as well as the average strains within cubic regions of the femoral neck and greater trochanter were assessed. Statistical Tests Paired and unpaired t‐tests. Results Compared to the young group, the femoral stiffness of the elderly decreased by 39% and 40% (both P < 0.05) under the sideways fall and stance conditions, respectively. Accordingly, the high‐risk tensile and compressive stains were elevated with aging (40% and 23% for sideways fall, 23% and 11% for stance conditions; all P < 0.05). However, the loading configuration‐induced difference was only observed in the elderly group for the high‐risk strains (22% for tension and 12% for compression; both P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the stance condition, the sideways fall increased the average tensile (young: 108%, elderly: 123%; both P < 0.05) and compressive strains (young: 631%, elderly: 617%, both P < 0.05) within the greater trochanter rather than the femoral neck region. Data Conclusion In vivo MRI‐FEA is capable of capturing age‐related changes in both apparent‐level stiffness and tissue‐level micromechanical behavior of the proximal femur. However, the effect of sideways fall loading might be better reflected by tissue‐level micromechanics rather than apparent stiffness. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 1

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Femur strength predictions by nonlinear homogenized voxel finite element models reflect the microarchitecture of the femoral neck

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries

The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries

Bulk Wave Velocities in Cortical Bone Reflect Porosity and Compression Strength

In Vivo Assessment of Age‐ and Loading Configuration‐Related Changes in Multiscale Mechanical Behavior of the Human Proximal Femur Using MRI‐Based Finite Element Analysis

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