Bulk Wave Velocities in Cortical Bone Reflect Porosity and Compression Strength

Abstract

The goal of this study is to evaluate whether ultrasonic velocities in cortical bone can be considered as a proxy for mechanical quality of cortical bone tissue reflected by porosity and compression strength. Micro-computed tomography, compression mechanical testing, and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy were used to assess, respectively porosity, strength, and velocity of bulk waves of both shear and longitudinal polarisations propagating along

Conventional Manufacturing by Pouring versus Additive Manufacturing Technology of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute Implants

“…These findings are supported by those of other authors who also observed an inverse correlation between porosity and compressive strength of β-TCP implants [29][30][31][32]. Peralta et al [33] specifically addressed this correlation in human bone: a 5% increase in porosity corresponded to a 20 MPa decrease in compressive strength, which is approximately 10% of the maximum compressive strength of human cortical bone samples. As mentioned above, the hybrid structure has a comparatively high compressive strength for its high porosity of 74.4%; accordingly, with the specific design of the column structure with macroporous filling based on the structure of human bone, the production of a predominantly microporous TCP scaffold with great mechanical resilience was successful.…”

“…At a temperature of 38.5°C, the compressive strength of compact bone decreases from 82.7 ± 11.3 MPa, measured in the direction of the Haversian canals, to 67.6 ± 10.9 MPa orthogonally [36]. Data on the compressive strength of human compact bone varies between values of 130 and 180 MPa [33,37]. As a result, the measured compressive strength values of all β-TCP implants tested in the present study were found to be well below the reference value for the compressive strength of human cortical bone.…”

Pore‐Size Distribution and Frequency‐Dependent Attenuation in Human Cortical Tibia Bone Discriminate Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density

“…( 40,51 ) The method considers variations of porosity as a major source of variations of cortical bone elasticity, sound velocity, and fracture toughness in postmenopausal women. ( 52–54 ) Results of a first validation study in postmenopausal women confirmed a comparable fracture discrimination performance of the BDAT variables as aBMD for both vertebral and peripheral fractures. ( 41 ) However, axial transmission measurements do not provide direct image guidance and are restricted to patients with low BMI.…”

“…For example, Adami et al (50) technology by means of multimode waveguide dispersion analysis (40,51) . The method considers variations of porosity as a major source of variations of cortical bone elasticity, sound velocity and fracture toughness in postmenopausal women (52)(53)(54) . Results of a first validation study in postmenopausal women confirmed a comparable fracture discrimination performance of the BDAT variables as aBMD for both vertebral and peripheral fractures (41) .…”

Cortical pore size distribution and viscoelastic tibia properties discriminate fragility fractures independent of bone mineral density

“…For example, Adami et al 44 35,45 . The method considers variations of porosity as a major source of variations of cortical bone elasticity, sound velocity and fracture toughness in postmenopausal women [46][47][48] . Results of a first validation study in postmenopausal women confirmed a comparable fracture discrimination performance of the BDAT variables as aBMD for both vertebral and peripheral fractures 41 .…”