Femtotesla Direct Magnetic Gradiometer Using a Single Multipass Cell

Lucivero, Vito Giovanni; Lee, W.; Dural, Nezih; Romalis, Michael

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.15.014004

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…On the other hand, the use of multipass cavity is an example of the passive method, which can increase the signal without changing the size or damaging the stability of the system. Due to the simplicity of design and use, Herriott cavities [23,24] are particularly suitable for the applications based on atomic cells, and have been widely applied in atomic magnetometry [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herriott-Cavity-Assisted Closed-Loop Xe Isotope Comagnetometer

Hao,

Yu,

Yuan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present in this paper a Herriott-cavity-assisted closed-loop Xe isotope gas comagnetometer. In this system, 129 Xe and 131 Xe atoms are pumped and probed by polarized Rb atoms, and continuously driven by oscillating magnetic fields, whose frequencies are kept on resonance by phase-locked loops (PLLs). Different from other schemes, we use a Herriott cavity to improve the Rb magnetometer sensitivity instead of the parametric modulation method, and this passive method is aimed to improve the system stability while maintaining the sensitivity. This system has demonstrated an angle random walk (ARW) of 0.06 • /h 1/2 , and a bias instability of 0.2 • /h (0.15 µHz) with a bandwidth of 1.5 Hz. By adding a closed-loop Rb isotope comagnetometer, we can extend this system to dual simultaneously working comagnetometers sharing the same cell. This extended system has wide applications in precision measurements, where we can simultaneously and independently measure the coupling of anomalous fields with proton spin and neutron spin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herriott-Cavity-Assisted Closed-Loop Xe Isotope Comagnetometer

Hao,

Yu,

Yuan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Meanwhile, in practical applications, ambient magnetic field noise which is regarded as a common-mode magneticfield (CMM) noise is also limiting the sensitivity. Several techniques for reducing PSN [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], SPN [26,27], and CMM noise [7,[28][29][30][31] have been proposed, respectively. To achieve the best sensitivity, it is essential to find an efficacious way to eliminate the noises from different sources, simultaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 (a). In order to eliminate the influence of noisy environment and achieve a highly effective cancellation of the CMM noise, the usual way is to operate a pair of magnetometers, one of which serves as a reference sensor in a gradiometric configuration [7,[28][29][30][31] as shown in Fig. 1 (b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-limit-breaking Magnetic Gradiometer with Entangled Light

Bao

Guo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In the last few decades, the atomic magnetometry [1–7] has experienced remarkable development and reached to an outstanding sensitivity. This exciting technology is finding applications in various of fields [8–18]. The last two obstacles to further improve the sensitivity of magnetometry are quantum fluctuations and ambient magnetic field. For magnetometry based on optical readout of atomic ensemble’s spin precession, the fundamental limitation of sensitivity is restricted by spin projection noise (SPN) and photon shot noise (PSN). Meanwhile, in practical applications, ambient magnetic field noise which is regarded as a common-mode magnetic-field (CMM) noise is also limiting the sensitivity. Several techniques for reducing PSN [19–25], SPN [26, 27], and CMM noise [7, 28–31] have been proposed, respectively. To achieve the best sensitivity, it is essential to find an efficacious way to eliminate the noises from different sources, simultaneously. For this purpose, here we demonstrate a sub-shot-noise magnetic gradiometer utilizing entangled optical detection with quantum-correlated twin beams. This leads to the simultaneous suppression of PSN and CMM noise. The quantum enhancement spans a frequency range from 7 Hz to 6 MHz with maximum squeezing of 5.5 dB below the standard quantum limit (SQL). The sensitivity of gradient magnetic field reaches 18 fT/cm√Hz at 20 Hz with these sophisticated techniques. Our study opens up new possibilities to use quantum-enhanced technology in developing sensitive magnetometry for practical applications with noisy and physically demanding environments.

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“…With SQUIDs, two spatially separated flux pickup coils with opposing polarities can be wired together to form an intrinsic gradiometer [10,11]. In contrast, few OPM-based techniques exist to build similar intrinsic gradiometers using vapor cells [12][13][14][15][16]. Most OPM-based gradiometers rely on subtracting the output of two spatially separated magnetometers (synthetic gradiometer) [17][18][19], and differences and drifts between the two magnetometers can reduce the rejection of commonmode signals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Pulsed Magnetic Gradiometer in Earth's Field

Campbell¹,

Wang²,

Savukov³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We describe a novel pulsed magnetic gradiometer based on the optical interference of sidebands generated using two spatially separated alkali vapor cells. The sidebands are produced with high efficiency using parametric frequency conversion of a probe beam interacting with 87 Rb atoms in a coherent superposition of magnetically sensitive hyperfine ground states. Interference between the sidebands generates a low-frequency beat note whose frequency is determined by the magnetic field gradient between the two vapor cells. In contrast to traditional magnetic gradiometers, our approach provides a direct readout of the gradient field without the intermediate step of subtracting the outputs of two spacially separated magnetometers. The technique is expected to provide effective common-mode magnetic field cancellation at frequencies far greater than the bandwidth of the gradiometer. Using this technique, we developed a compact magnetic gradiometer sensor head with integrated optics with a sensitivity of 25 f T /cm/ √ Hz with a 4.4 cm baseline, while operating in a noisy laboratory environment unshielded from Earth's field. We also outline a theoretical framework that accurately models sideband generation using a density matrix formalism.

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Femtotesla Direct Magnetic Gradiometer Using a Single Multipass Cell

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Herriott-Cavity-Assisted Closed-Loop Xe Isotope Comagnetometer

Herriott-Cavity-Assisted Closed-Loop Xe Isotope Comagnetometer

Quantum-limit-breaking Magnetic Gradiometer with Entangled Light

Intrinsic Pulsed Magnetic Gradiometer in Earth's Field

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