Femtosecond spectral pulse shaping with holographic gratings recorded in photopolymerizable glasses

Hernández‐Garay, M. P.; Martínez-Matos, Óscar; Izquierdo, J. G.; Calvo, M. L.; Vaveliuk, Pablo; Cheben, Pavel; Bañares, Luis

doi:10.1364/oe.19.001516

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4). The mechanism described above explains recent observations of 3D polymerization by a cw-laser exposure [19] and is expected to be generic in resists and glasses [27]. It is consistent with laser recording of waveguides and optical elements in glasses and crystals [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Resolution Measurementsupporting

confidence: 85%

Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses

Malinauskas¹,

Danilevičius²,

Juodkazis³

2011

Opt. Express

133

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We demonstrate capability to structure photo-polymers with sub-wavelength resolution, ∼200-500 nm, and retrieve three-dimensional (3D) structures using a picosecond laser exposure. This alternative to commonly used ultra-short femtosecond lasers extends accessibility of 3D direct write. A popular hybrid sol-gel resist SZ2080 was used for quantitative determination of structuring resolution at 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths and for pulses of 8-25 ps duration at the repetition rates of 0.2-1 MHz. Systematic study of feature size dependence of 3D suspended nano-rods shows that linear power dependence of photopolymerization on the dose-per-pulse becomes dominant at higher repetition rates (≥0.5 MHz) while the two-photon nonlinear absorption is still distinguishable at rates lower than 0.2 MHz and shorter pulses (≤8 ps). Thermal accumulation defines polymerization when cooling time of the focal volume is larger than separation between pulses. Photopolymerization and its scaling mechanisms, quality, and fidelity at tight focusing of fs-, ps-, and cw-laser radiation are revealed and explained. 3D scaffolds for biomedicine and microlenses for optical applications are fabricated by the ps-laser direct write.

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Section: Resolution Measurementsupporting

confidence: 85%

Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses

Malinauskas¹,

Danilevičius²,

Juodkazis³

2011

Opt. Express

133

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“…Since the first photopolymerizable glass development, these materials have demonstrated excellent capability for volume holography due to their valuable combination of properties of both holographic recording materials with good optical quality, high dynamic range and inorganic materials with high dimensional stability. [12,[16][17][18][19][20] Photopolymerizable glasses have great potential for applications in holographic memory, [11,18,21] high power instrumentation, [22] spectrometry, [23] holographic optical elements, [17,24] and holographic solar concentrators. [25] However, to date, the commercial potential of state-of-the-art photopolymerizable glasses remains limited due to the long curing times required to produce the solid phase of the material which is necessary for successful holographic recording.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

Mikulchyk

Oubaha

Kaworek

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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functional materials for tackling challenging material-related problems in diverse areas such as medicine, pharmacy, mechanics, electronics, chemistry and others. [1][2][3][4][5] One of the most popular and successful applications of the hybrid sol-gel technology is the development of multifunctional coatings for the protection of metal surfaces against corrosion and environmental degradations. [6] Other promising applications include photoreactive hybrid sol-gel coatings for the fabrication of microstructured components such as optical waveguides, [7] photonic crystals [8] and microfluidic devices. [9] The main advantage of the hybrid sol-gel technology, in comparison to conventional organic or inorganic chemistries, is its flexibility which allows for a combination of both organic and inorganic functional chemistries that facilitates low temperature preparation, generally at room temperature. [5] As a result, structural properties of thermo-sensitive organic groups are maintained and remain available for further exploitation as network modifiers in the inorganic structure and in the microstructuring processes used to fabricate miniature devices. Among the many applications of the sol-gel technology, the preparation of photopolymerizable glasses for holographic applications is of particular interest. The concept of sol-gel preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic materials by the Advancements in hybrid sol-gel technology have provided a new class of holographic materials as photopolymerizable glasses. Recently, a number of photosensitive glass compositions with high dynamic range and high spatial resolution have been reported and their excellent capability for volume holography has been demonstrated. Nevertheless, challenges remain, particularly in relation to the processing time and environmental stability of these materials, that strongly affect the performance and durability of the fabricated holograms. State-of-the-art photopolymerizable glasses possess long curing times (few days) required to achieve thick films, thus limiting the industrial implementation of this technology and its commercial viability. This article presents a novel, fast curing, water-resistant, photopolymerizable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) for holographic applications. Due to introducing an amine-based modifier that increases the condensation ability of the sol-gel network, this PHSG overcomes the problem of long curing time and can readily produce thick (up to a few hundred micrometers) layers without cracking and breaking. In addition, this PHSG exhibits excellent water-resistance, providing stable performance of holographic gratings for up to 400 h of immersion in water. This finding moves photopolymerizable glasses to the next development stage and renders the technology attractive for the mass production of holographic optical elements and their use across a wide number of outdoor applications.

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“…Holography is nowadays a highly applied optical technique in many areas of optics and photonics, with applications in diverse areas of sciences such as beam conformation, laser technology and photonic devices, to name a few [3][4][5]. In 1948 Denis Gabor proposed a new microscopic method with the objective to improve the image quality and reproduction fidelity of images formed in a conventional microscope [6].…”

Section: Basic Concepts Of Holography and In-line Hologrammentioning

confidence: 99%

m-Learning and holography: Compatible techniques?

Calvo¹

2014

12th Education and Training in Optics and Photonics Conference

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Since the last decades, cell phones have become increasingly popular and are nowadays ubiquitous. New generations of cell phones are now equipped with text messaging, internet, and camera features. They are now making their way into the classroom. This is creating a new teaching and learning technique, the so called m-Learning (or mobile-Learning). Because of the many benefits that cell phones offer, teachers could easily use them as a teaching and learning tool. However, an additional work from the teachers for introducing their students into the m-Learning in the classroom needs to be defined and developed. As an example, optical techniques, based upon interference and diffraction phenomena, such as holography, appear to be convenient topics for m-Learning. They can be approached with simple examples and experiments within the cell phones performances and classroom accessibility. We will present some results carried out at the Faculty of Physical Sciences in UCM to obtain very simple holographic recordings via cell phones. The activities were carried out inside the course on Optical Coherence and Laser, offered to students in the fourth course of the Grade in Physical Sciences. Some open conclusions and proposals will be presented.

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Femtosecond spectral pulse shaping with holographic gratings recorded in photopolymerizable glasses

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses

Three-dimensional micro-/nano-structuring via direct write polymerization with picosecond laser pulses

Synthesis of Fast Curing, Water‐Resistant and Photopolymerizable Glass for Recording of Holographic Structures by One‐ and Two‐Photon Lithography

m-Learning and holography: Compatible techniques?

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