Feminist Self-Defense and Resistance Training for College Students

Gidycz, Christine A.; Dardis, Christina M.

doi:10.1177/1524838014521026

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Assertiveness and self-defense training appear to be possible solutions for helping women to avoid future assaults (see Gidycz & Dardis, 2014 for a review). Future longitudinal research should examine how specific coping strategies (e.g., drinking to cope, Kaysen et al, 2006; Messman-Moore et al, 2015; Ullman & Najdowski, 2009) and other modifiable psychosocial factors relate to PTSD and problem drinking to reduce these outcomes in women survivors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual revictimization, PTSD, and problem drinking in sexual assault survivors

Ullman¹

2016

Addictive Behaviors

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problem drinking are common and often co-occurring sequelae experienced by women survivors of adult sexual assault, yet revictimization may mediate risk of symptoms over time. Structural equation modeling was used to examine data from a 3-wave panel design with a large (N = 1,012), ethnically diverse sample of women assault survivors to examine whether repeated sexual victimization related to greater PTSD and problem drinking. Structural equation modeling revealed that child sexual abuse was associated with greater symptoms of PTSD and problem drinking and intervening sexual victimization was associated with greater symptoms of PTSD and problem drinking at both 1 and 2 year follow-ups. We found no evidence, however, that PTSD directly influenced problem drinking over the long term or vice versa, although they were correlated at each timepoint. Revictimization during the study predicted survivors’ prospective PTSD and problem drinking symptoms. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual revictimization, PTSD, and problem drinking in sexual assault survivors

Ullman¹

2016

Addictive Behaviors

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“…Yet, young women on campus continue to be confronted by sexual assault. Feminist self-defense or resistance (or risk reduction) education had promise in addressing this distressing reality (for reviews, see Brecklin, 2008 ; Gidycz & Dardis, 2014 ) when the first author began this research program. Although studies found consistent benefits of education programs in changing rape attitudes and women’s self-efficacy beliefs, the results were mixed with respect to reducing the sexual assaults women experienced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies found consistent benefits of education programs in changing rape attitudes and women’s self-efficacy beliefs, the results were mixed with respect to reducing the sexual assaults women experienced. Most studies showed no impact for women with prior victimization, impact was observed for only a short time, and most interventions had no significant effects ( Gidycz & Dardis, 2014 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

Senn

Eliasziw

Hobden

et al. 2017

Psychology of Women Quarterly

121

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We report the secondary outcomes and longevity of efficacy from a randomized controlled trial that evaluated a novel sexual assault resistance program designed for first-year women university students. Participants (N = 893) were randomly assigned to receive the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act (EAAA) program or a selection of brochures (control). Perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and rape myth acceptance was assessed at baseline; 1-week postintervention; and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month postrandomization. Risk detection was assessed at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Sexual assault experience and knowledge of effective resistance strategies were assessed at all follow-ups. The EAAA program produced significant increases in women’s perception of personal risk, self-defense self-efficacy, and knowledge of effective (forceful verbal and physical) resistance strategies; the program also produced decreases in general rape myth acceptance and woman blaming over the entire 24-month follow-up period. Risk detection was significantly improved for the intervention group at post-test. The program significantly reduced the risk of completed and attempted rape, attempted coercion, and nonconsensual sexual contact over the entire follow-up period, yielding reductions between 30% and 64% at 2 years. The EAAA program produces long-lasting changes in secondary outcomes and in the incidence of sexual assault experienced by women students. Universities can reduce the harm and the negative health consequences that young women experience as a result of campus sexual assault by implementing this program. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index.

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“…When they are involved, psychiatrists primarily help the survivors of sexual violence with the aftermath of such an experience, yet the most important factor in a holistic social response to the epidemics of sexual violence on college campuses lies in primary prevention. Various preventative measures and programs have been implemented and tested (e.g., bystander intervention [13,14], theater of the oppressed [11], women's self-defense training [15,16], rape prevention education). However, the evidence for the efficacy of these programs is mixed at best [4], and the rates of sexual violence on college campuses remain high.…”

Section: The Role Of Academic Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Psychiatry’s Role in Addressing Campus Sexual Assault

et al. 2016

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In 2011, the US President, Vice President, and Secretary of Education spotlighted the serious and pervasive issue of sexual assault in institutions of higher learning, offering comprehensive guidance to colleges and universities regarding student rights and needs. In 2014, the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault was established and the "It's On Us" public health campaign was launched, aiming to inspire and engage all members of college campus communities in preventing sexual assault and victimization. At the outset of the campaign, President Obama stated that sexual assault was an "affront to our basic humanity" [1]:It insults our most basic values as individuals and families, and as a nation. We are a nation that values liberty and equality and justice. And we're a people who believe every child deserves an education … free from fear of intimidation or violence. And we owe it to our children to live up to those values.The campaign partnered with student, faculty, and university organizations; the media; the Department of Justice; the Department of Health and Human Services; and other stakeholders. Through this campaign, efforts were undertaken to reach kindergarteners to high school seniors, first-year university students to college educators, and all levels of leaders in higher education.Later in 2014, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [2] reported the results of its Community Attitudes on Sexual Assault survey (35 % response rate, N = 3844 participants), endorsing strong, prosocial, respectful, and protective attitudes regarding consensual sexual relations and sexual safety. Nevertheless, 17 % of undergraduate women and 5 % of undergraduate men in this study reported an experience of unwanted sexual behavior during their college careers. When asked about more specific or "labeled" unwanted sexual behaviors, 5 % of the undergraduate women reported being raped, 14 % reported being stalked or followed or receiving repeated unwanted messages that made them feel uncomfortable, and 15 % reported that they had been sexually harassed. The most common perpetrators of these unwanted behaviors and acts of sexual violence were fellow students. These experiences were less commonly reported by undergraduate men and by graduate students in the study. Most survivors of these experiences had talked with someone, such as a friend, family member, or doctor, about what had happened, but only a very small proportion (fewer than 5 %) formally reported their experience to an institutional or other official. The MIT report emphasized the important positive role of bystanders in shifting social norms, for example, by speaking up against sexist remarks or unwanted behavior, checking in with others about whether they need assistance, and looking out for others by walking them home safely [3]. DeGue [4] has also highlighted the possible benefits of bystander efforts in preventing sexual assault.

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Feminist Self-Defense and Resistance Training for College Students

Cited by 70 publications

References 59 publications

Sexual revictimization, PTSD, and problem drinking in sexual assault survivors

Sexual revictimization, PTSD, and problem drinking in sexual assault survivors

Secondary and 2-Year Outcomes of a Sexual Assault Resistance Program for University Women

Academic Psychiatry’s Role in Addressing Campus Sexual Assault

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