Female reproductive factors and risk of lymphoid neoplasm: The Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Abstract

Although a possible role of reproductive factors in lymphomagenesis has been hypothesized, results of epidemiological studies have been inconsistent. Here, we investigated the association between reproductive factors and the risk of lymphoid neoplasm and its subgroups. We used data from a large‐scale, population‐based prospective study in a Japanese cohort with 42 691 eligible women aged 40‐69 years from 1990 to 1994. During a mean follow up of 18.7 years, we identified 176 cases of lymphoid neoplasm and 90 of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ). A multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios ( HR ) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ) for the risk of lymphoid neoplasms and its subgroups according to self‐reported reproductive factors. Parous women had an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasm compared with nulliparous women ( HR = 2.51, 95% CI , 1.03‐6.13). An increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms was found in women with later onset of menarche (≤13 years old; reference: 14‐15; HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.10‐2.79: ≥16; HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.17‐3.19: P ‐trend: 0.01) and a shorter menstrual cycle (28‐29 days; reference: ≤27; HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05‐2.43, P ‐trend = 0.81). No association was observed between lymphoid neoplasms and other reproductive factors, including age at first birth, breastfeeding, type of menopause, or exogenous hormone use. Our study suggests that ever parity, late age at menarche and a short menstrual cycle length may be associated with the development of lymphoid neoplasms. The inconsistency seen in epidemiological research to date warrants further investigation.

Epigenetics-Associated Risk Reduction of Hematologic Neoplasms in a Nationwide Cohort Study: The Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Hydralazine

“…(2) Those exposed to 1,3-butadiene (30). ( 3) Females with less exposure to female sex hormones (31). Tanaka and colleagues reported that an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms as well as a shorter menstrual cycle was found in parous women and women with later onset of menarche.…”

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in a young transgender woman: A case report

“…Moreover, unlike breast cancer patients who are enrolled in structured follow-up, patients who perform GCT or breast augmentation are less likely to routinely perform postoperative follow-up with an intrinsic risk of delayed diagnosis [3] , [6] . Moreover, despite the putative protective role of estrogen in lymphoid neoplasm and the complex crosstalk between the immune and reproductive system [9] , [10] , the impact of hormonal treatment in BIA-ALCL is still unknown. The physician should be aware that due to the rise of adolescents with GD which required GCS, preoperative awareness and postoperative structured follow-up should be offered in patients undergoing breast implant procedures.…”

The role of pregnancy in maternal cancer risk: Epidemiologic evidence from the Nordic Countries Linked Birth and Cancer Registries Cohort Project

“…Women have a lower incidence of leukemias and lymphomas overall than men, but there is little evidence that pregnancy factors are associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (53). One study, however, showed that parous women had about a two-and-a-half-fold increased risk of lymphoid neoplasm compared with nulliparous women, but no associations were observed between lymphoid neoplasms and other reproductive factors, including age at first birth and breastfeeding (54).…”