Female Offenders

Scott, Terri; Brown, Shelley L.; Wanamaker, Kayla A.

doi:10.1002/9781119139980.ch19

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the criminal justice literature, a well-documented gender gap exists between crimes committed by women/girls and men/boys. Females offend at a lower rate than males 1 and this gap is wider for violent crimes (Scott et al, 2019;Wattanaporn & Holtfreter, 2014). As a result, historically women and girls have not been the main focus of criminal justice research in studies about criminal conduct (Scott et al, 2019).…”

Section: Background 1| the Problem Condition Or Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females offend at a lower rate than males and this gap is wider for violent crimes (Scott et al, 2019; Wattanaporn & Holtfreter, 2014). As a result, historically women and girls have not been the main focus of criminal justice research in studies about criminal conduct (Scott et al, 2019). Due to the gender gap, crimes committed by females were understudied and not well understood until feminist scholars began conducting female‐centered research in the ‘90s, resulting in gender‐responsive theories seeking to explain why girls and women engage in criminal conduct (Brown et al, 2019; Scott et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of a gender‐responsive theory is pathways theory (Daly, 1992). Pathway theory proposes that some of the reasons men and women commit and desist from crime are different (Kruttschnitt, 2016; Scott et al, 2019). For example, trauma has been identified as playing a central role in the onset of offending for many women and girls (Pasko, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Chambers

Brown

Peterson‐Badali

2023

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Section: Background 1| the Problem Condition Or Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Chambers

Brown

Peterson‐Badali

2023

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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Developing a risk/need assessment tool for women offenders: a gender-informed approach

Wardrop

Wanamaker

Derkzen

2019

JCRPP

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Purpose Recently, correctional agencies have argued that there are differences between factors influencing men and women’s involvement in the criminal justice system. The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of a gender-informed risk/need assessment tool. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 620 women offenders admitted to federal Canadian custody, as well as a matched-comparison group of 647 men. Items were selected from routine assessments in an administrative database based on an extensive literature review of factors related to criminal risk for women. Findings Results showed that the items included in this assessment and the overall rating of risk/need significantly predicted any return to custody for both women and men. As well, ratings incrementally predicted any return to custody over and above other established tools. Practical implications The gender-informed risk/need assessment tool, informed by the literature, performed well for both men and women. The research highlights the complementary, not competing, perspectives of gender-neutral and gender-responsive risk and need factors. Originality/value Factors commonly considered gender-salient predicted risk for men and women. The present study demonstrates that risk assessments tools for men and women should look beyond the factors routinely assessed in the research to identify novel dynamic factors that contribute to risk for men and women and could be targeted for intervention.

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The Gendered Nature of Criminogenic Thinking Patterns Among Justice-Involved Clients: A Pilot Study

Jones

Mitchell²,

Tafrate

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Because much of our understanding of criminogenic thinking (antisocial cognitions) has been based on male justice populations, questions remain about the applicability of this construct to justice-involved women. Based on an item-level analysis of 216 justice-involved clients, results of this pilot study suggest that criminogenic thinking in women is relevant, and both overlaps with and diverges from that of men. In fact, the predictive accuracy for rearrest attained with a gender-responsive model developed for women exceeded that of the corresponding model developed for men (area under the curve [AUC] = .86 vs. AUC = .67). We recommend the creation of parsimonious criminogenic thinking instruments that optimize predictive criterion validity. Gender-responsive scales that capture the gender-specificity that exists in criminogenic thinking patterns can assist in (a) optimizing the prediction of reoffending and (b) identifying essential constellations of treatment targets among forensic populations.

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Female Offenders

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

PROTOCOL: Risk and strength factors that predict criminal conduct among under‐represented genders and sexual minorities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Developing a risk/need assessment tool for women offenders: a gender-informed approach

The Gendered Nature of Criminogenic Thinking Patterns Among Justice-Involved Clients: A Pilot Study

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