Female hypospadias with vaginal stones: A rare congenital anomaly

Female Hypospadias and Urethral Stricture Disease in a Circumcised Postmenopausal African Woman: Diagnosis and Management

“…Treatment involves surgical reconstructions of the hypospadias; two common techniques in use include vaginal flap urethroplasty and urethrolysis with meatal transposition (with or without submucosal tunneling) [1,6]. To our knowledge, stricture of the female hypospadiac urethra has not been previously reported.…”

“…Female hypospadias, though often asymptomatic, may be associated with bothersome symptoms of vaginal voiding, post-coital cystitis, or urethral syndrome [1]. Treatment involves surgical reconstructions of the hypospadias; two common techniques in use include vaginal flap urethroplasty and urethrolysis with meatal transposition (with or without submucosal tunneling) [1,6].…”

“…Both female hypospadias and female urethral stricture are uncommon urologic conditions [1,2]. Female hypospadias refers to an abnormality of the urethra with the external meatus located on the anterior vaginal wall within the introitus, and it is often associated with recurrent lower urinary tract infections [1].…”

“…Female hypospadias refers to an abnormality of the urethra with the external meatus located on the anterior vaginal wall within the introitus, and it is often associated with recurrent lower urinary tract infections [1]. Its diagnosis, though simple, is often overlooked and usually made after difficult urethral catheterizations.…”

Novel approach to vaginal calculus in a girl with urogenital sinus anomaly

“…Primary vaginal stones are reported in association with vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulae and, in conditions causing narrowing of the vaginal introitus [1][2][3][4] Urinary stasis and bacterial proliferation appear to contribute to the formation of calculi [5,6]. There are only 4 case reports describing primary vaginal stones in the pediatric literature [6][7][8].…”