Female Genital Mutilations: Genito-Urinary Complications and Ethical-Legal Aspects

Vella, Marco; Argo, Antonina; Costanzo, Angela; Tarantino, Lucia; Milone, Livio; Pavone, Carlo

doi:10.5301/uro.5000115

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…As defined by World Health Organization gender violence is 'the greatest public health issue and violation of human rights in the world; it is a violation of a person's physical and mental integrity (WHO 2014). SA is a traumatic life event in which the negative outcomes increase with increasing severity of abuse including physical maltreatment (McCauley et al 1997) such us lacerations, fractures, genital mutilation, sexually transmitted diseases (Lacey 1990), gynecologic disorders (Walling et al 1994;Golding et al 1998) unwanted or pathological pregnancies (Murphy et al 2001), depression (Wise et al 2001), eating disorders (Goodwin et al 2003), self-destructive behaviours (Alix et al 2017) genito-urinary and sexual disorders (Vella et al 2015), post-traumatic stress disorders (Kendler et al 2000;MacMillan et al 2001;Sprinter et al 2007;Jonas et al 2011;Gauthier-Duchesne et al 2017;Bottomley et al 1999). Internationally, different approaches are taken to the collection of forensic evidence and to the clinical and psychological assessment of alleged victims Berry et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application

Zerbo

Milone

Scalici

et al. 2018

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: Sexual assault is a worldwide problem that has not yet been sufficiently acknowledged as confirmed by the literature. Italian law n.96, 1996, foreseeing norms regarding rape and sexual abuse, finally gave significant relevance to sex crimes. Results: Among victims 88 were females (97%) and 2 males (3%); 68 Italians (75.5%) and 22 foreigners (24.5%). At the time the events occurred, 42% (n = 38) of the victims were minors aged less than 16 years. In 11 cases, the age of the victim is not indicated. The assailant was an acquaintance of the victim in 65% of the cases (in 73% of these cases, the assailant was a family member). In 26 cases (28%) happened indoor, 44 cases happened outdoor and in 20 cases there were no data. Evidence of recent acute general body trauma (abrasions, bruises, lacerations) was found in 38 cases (42%); other types of injuries include: genital trauma (14 cases, 15%), genital and body traumas (49 cases, 54%) (tab. 1-2-). In 24 cases (26%) there were no injuries. Among genital trauma, we distinguished vulvovaginal lesions (68.5%) and anal lesions (31.5%). We have classified the minor victims using first Adam's classification and based on Adam's classification revised in 2015. Conclusion: Application of the Ve.R.S.O project protocol changed and greatly improved health management of victims of violence. By following these procedures, violence and abuse are analyzed from every point of view, also for an appropriate assessment of the medium and long term health consequences of sexual assault. Only in this way are citizens provided with a high level of protection against gender violence, psychological support and prevention from any form of violence which takes place in respect of such vulnerable people.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application

Zerbo

Milone

Scalici

et al. 2018

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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“…The genitourinary complications of FGM were reviewed by Vella et al in 2015 5 . Some studies suggested that in women with the consequences of FGM, there is an important role for reconstructive surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggested that in women with the consequences of FGM, there is an important role for reconstructive surgery. 5 The aim is to restore normal anatomy and offer the potential for improved female sexuality 5. The same review demonstrated that reconstructive surgery after FGM is associated with reduced pain and restored pleasure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive epidermal vulval cyst: an unusual late complication of female genital mutilation

Kaur-Desai¹,

Makris

2017

BMJ Case Reports

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Vulval epidermal cysts are rare and infrequently described in literature. They present a difficult diagnostic dilemma and surgical challenges. They most commonly occur as a late complication of female genital mutilation (FGM) and manifest as a primary condition. We present a case of a large vulval epidermal inclusion cyst, lined by vulval squamous epithelium, in a woman with a background of FGM who was referred with suspected vulval cancer. We discuss the clinical presentation, MRI findings, surgical treatment and outcome.

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“…This argument is strongly denied by medical classification of the WHO that named "mutilation" as all forms of female circumcision and consequently no far similarities must be drawn between two practices. Thus, the practices banned by the WHO, as female genital mutilations, even with patient consent, could not be considered lawful [43].…”

Section: Ethical and Legal Arguments Of Male Circumcision 61 Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention: Evidence and Reticence

Vella¹,

Abrate²,

Argo³

et al. 2017

Fundamentals of Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Circumcision is one of the oldest surgical procedures and the most common surgical procedure performed on males. It is practiced for three main reasons: ritual or religious meanings, prophylactic hygienic purposes, and therapeutic indications. Male circumcision is advocated as an efficacious prevention strategy against sexually transmitted diseases. One of the main biological mechanisms responsible for the lower human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate in heterosexual circumcised men is the protective effect of keratinization of the glans. Moreover, male circumcision removes the inner part of the prepuce containing Langerhans cells that are targeted by HIV. Several observational studies showed a protective effect of male circumcision regarding the HIV acquisition in heterosexual men, in women with circumcised partners, and in men who have sex with men with an insertive anal role. Circumcision reduced the infection rate of other sexually transmitted diseases like human papillomavirus (HPV), mycoplasma, and genital ulcer disease. It seems now evident that circumcision has no negative effects on sexual function, sensitivity, sexual sensation, and satisfaction. When performed freely after informed consent, male circumcision is a lawful practice in adults. In children, the lack of an informed consent is overcome by the favorable risk/benefit ratio and the decision whether to circumcise or not pertains to the parents.

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Female Genital Mutilations: Genito-Urinary Complications and Ethical-Legal Aspects

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application

Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application

Massive epidermal vulval cyst: an unusual late complication of female genital mutilation

Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention: Evidence and Reticence

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