Feline mesothelioma: case report and review of cytologic, immunocytochemical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings

Schlueter, Andrew; Dehghanpir, Shannon D.; Boudreaux, Bonnie; Robinson, Christopher; Lima, Jose Cesar Menk P.; Langohr, Ingeborg M.

doi:10.1177/10406387211017489

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, giving a definitive diagnosis of epithelial neoplasms based on cytology is challenging, especially in mesothelial tumor. Mesothelioma is difficult to differentiate from inflammation-induced reactive mesothelial hyperplasia and the final diagnosis should be confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry ( 28 ). Other intrathoracic epithelial neoplasms including thymoma and primary lung tumors are very uncommon in cats and are tumors that rarely slough into the pleural effusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic utility of LDH measurement for determining the etiology of modified transudate pleural effusion in cats

Hla

Hunprasit²,

Siripoonsup³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Fluid analysis is an initial approach for determining the underlying causes of body cavity effusions. Modified transudate is commonly diagnosed in pleural effusion in cats, however, it provides limited diagnostic information. Aims of this study were to investigate common etiologies causing different pleural fluid types and to evaluate the usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for differentiating the etiology in modified transudates in cats. Pleural effusion samples from 122 cats were analyzed and classified into three types: transudate, modified transudate, and exudate. Causes of pleural effusion were classified into four conditions: cardiac disease, neoplasia, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and pyothorax. The relationship of underlying etiology and fluid types was described. The LDH levels in pleural fluid and plasma were compared between the causes in the samples classified as modified transudate. The fluid analysis of pleural effusion showed that modified transudate was the most common fluid type (44.2%). Neoplasia was predominantly diagnosed (38.5%) as the etiology of pleural effusion. There was no significant correlation between pleural fluid and plasma LDH level in any type of pleural fluid, suggesting that pleural fluid LDH does not appear to be affected by plasma LDH. The occurrence of modified transudate was not associated to its etiologies, however, the LDH level in modified transudates showed significant differences between etiologic groups. The LDH level in modified transudate was excellent in separating cardiac from non-cardiac diseases with a cut-off value of <535 U/L and separating FIP from non-FIP diseases with a cut-off value of >641 U/L. Based on the current findings, pleural fluid LDH can be a useful adjunctive marker for differentiating some causes of modified transudate pleural effusion and should be added in the routine diagnostic work-up of feline patients with pleural effusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic utility of LDH measurement for determining the etiology of modified transudate pleural effusion in cats

Hla

Hunprasit²,

Siripoonsup³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The mesothelioma can affect different species, including dogs [ 8 ], cats [ 9 ], cattle [ 10 ], sheep [ 11 ], goats [ 12 ], and horses [ 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. The onset in horses is very rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic and Abdominal Mesothelioma in an Older Horse in Lazio Region

Passantino

Sassi²,

Filippi³

et al. 2022

Animals

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A Quarter Horse, a gelding aged 22, was subjected to a clinical examination for colic syndrome. During admission to the clinic, blood counts and ultrasound examination were performed. Ultrasound revealed abdominal masses and abundant accumulation of pleural (50 L) and abdominal fluid (100 L). Cytology was performed on the aspirated fluid. The patient was euthanized. The autopsy examination revealed abundant effusion and nodular masses on the peritoneum, omentum, lungs, heart, and mediastinum. A diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma was made via histopathology and confirmed with immunohistochemistry; it showed positive antibodies against cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin. Mesothelioma is a rare cancer in older horses. It is important to employ the correct differential diagnostics using the available methods, providing valid ante-mortem support to the clinical veterinarian and monitoring the territory using this species as a valid biological indicator.

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Chemosensitivity of three patient-derived primary cultures of canine pericardial mesothelioma by single-agent and combination treatment

Nabeta,

Kanaya,

Elbadawy

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionCanine mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor that mostly affects body cavities, such as the pericardial and pleural cavities. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of canine mesotheliomas. We aimed to compare the antitumor effects of single-agent and combination chemotherapeutic agents on patient-derived primary cultures of canine pericardial mesothelioma established in this study. We planned to generate xenograft models for future studies.Material and methodsEffusion samples were collected from three dogs with histologically diagnosed pericardial mesothelioma and used for primary culture. Cultured cells were characterized by immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), and cytokeratin 5 (CK5). To assess the tumorigenic properties of cells in the effusion and generate a xenograft model, the cell suspension was injected into a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse either subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP). Lastly, chemosensitivity of established primary cultures against four drugs, doxorubicin, vinorelbine, carboplatin, and gemcitabine, by single-agent treatment as well as combination treatment of carboplatin at a fixed concentration, either 10 or 100 μM, and gemcitabine at different concentrations ranging from 0–1000 μM was assessed by cell viability assay.ResultsPrimary cultures were successfully generated and characterized by dual positivity for AE1/AE3 and vimentin and positive staining for WT-1 and CK5, confirming the mesothelial origin of the cells. In the xenograft models, SC mouse developed a subcutaneous mass, whereas IP mouse developed multiple intraperitoneal nodules. The masses were histopathologically consistent with mesotheliomas. The chemosensitivity assay revealed that carboplatin had the highest anti-tumor effects among the four tested single-agent treatments. Furthermore, carboplatin at 100 μM combined with gemcitabine at clinically relevant doses demonstrated the augmented anti-tumor effects compared to single-agent treatment.Discussion and conclusionPrimary cultures and xenograft models generated in this study could be useful tools for in vitro and in vivo studies of canine mesothelioma. Carboplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent against canine mesothelioma when used as a sole agent and in combination with gemcitabine.

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Feline mesothelioma: case report and review of cytologic, immunocytochemical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Diagnostic utility of LDH measurement for determining the etiology of modified transudate pleural effusion in cats

Diagnostic utility of LDH measurement for determining the etiology of modified transudate pleural effusion in cats

Thoracic and Abdominal Mesothelioma in an Older Horse in Lazio Region

Chemosensitivity of three patient-derived primary cultures of canine pericardial mesothelioma by single-agent and combination treatment

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