Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Groot, Raoul J. de; Horzinek, Marian C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1531-3_14

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Serological and genetic analysis (Fig. Alternatively, as previously speculated by us and others Addie and Jarrett, 1992;Herrewegh et al, 1995;de Groot and Horzinek, 1995), FCoV may cause chronic infections resulting in prolonged virus shedding. 5B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Persistence and Evolution of Feline Coronavirus in a Closed Cat-Breeding Colony

et al. 1997

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Feline coronavirus (FCoV) persistence and evolution were studied in a closed cat-breeding facility with an endemic serotype I FCoV infection. Viral RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the feces and/or plasma of 36 of 42 cats (86%) tested. Of 5 cats, identified as FCoV shedders during the initial survey, 4 had detectable viral RNA in the feces when tested 111 days later. To determine whether this was due to continuous reinfection or to viral persistence, 2 cats were placed in strict isolation and virus shedding in the feces was monitored every 2-4 days. In 1 of the cats, virus shedding continued for up to 7 months. The other animal was sacrificed after 124 days of continuous virus shedding in order to identify the sites of viral replication. Viral mRNA was detected only in the ileum, colon, and rectum. Also in these tissues, FCoV-infected cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. These findings provide the first formal evidence that FCoV causes chronic enteric infections. To assess FCoV heterogeneity in the breeding facility and to study viral evolution during chronic infection, FCoV quasispecies sampled from individual cats were characterized by RT-PCR amplification of selected regions of the viral genome followed by sequence analysis. Phylogenetic comparison of nucleotides 7-146 of ORF7b to corresponding sequences obtained for independent European and American isolates indicated that the viruses in the breeding facility form a clade and are likely to have originated from a single founder infection. Comparative consensus sequence analysis of the more variable region formed by residues 79-478 of the S gene revealed that each cat harbored a distinct FCoV quasispecies. Moreover, FCoV appeared to be subject to immune selection during chronic infection. The combined data support a model in which the endemic infection is maintained by chronically infected carriers. Virtually every cat born to the breeding facility becomes infected, indicating that FCoV is spread very efficiently. FCoV-infected cats, however, appear to resist superinfection by closely related FCoVs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Persistence and Evolution of Feline Coronavirus in a Closed Cat-Breeding Colony

et al. 1997

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“…These properties are different from those of the original UCD-1 strain [12,23]. Recently, de Groot and Horzinek [5] indicated the possibility of virus stocks may have been interchanged. We investigated ADE of infection of feline alveolar macrophages with KU-2, UCD-1 and Black strain, which are type I FIPV.…”

Section: Ade Of Fipv Strain 79-1146 Infection In Human Monocyte Cell mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Horzinek (The State University, Utrecht, the Netherlands) and Dr. N. C. Pedersen (University of California, Davis, U.S.A.), respectively. Strain 79-1146 was classified as type II FCoV, and strains KU-2 and UCD-1 were classified as type I FCoV [5,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

et al. 1998

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ABSTRACT. Infection of the type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with KU-2 or UCD-1 strain of type I FIPV. The experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) revealed that infection of the FIPV 79-1146 strain to the U937 cells was enhanced only by the sera of cats infected with type II FIPV or feline enteric coronavirus. The samples positive for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity had high neutralizing antibody titers against the FIPV 79-1146 strain and the samples negative for ADE activity had low neutralizing antibody titers. These findings support the previous results where a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity had high ADE activity, suggesting that there was a close relationship between the neutralization and enhancement sites. And then it is also suggested that ADE of infection is likely to be induced by re-infection with the same serotype of virus in type II FIPV infection. Furthermore, U937 cells are considered useful and can be substituted for the feline macrophages for determining ADE of FIPV-infection. -KEY WORDS: antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline macrophage, U937 cell.

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“…11,13,14 These cats represent the coronavirus reservoir, and some of them can develop a fatal immune-mediated disease called feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). 8 Since FCoVs are ubiquitous pathogens, the evaluation of anti-FCoV antibodies can be useful to monitor infection in a breeding cattery and/or an FCoV-free household. Assessment of antibodies by the gold standard FCoV indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), 1 or by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 2 provides evidence of the exposure of a cat to FCoV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Pratelli¹

2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. The seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies was studied in cats in southern Italy. One hundred twenty sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households were tested for FCoV type I and II antibodies. The virus neutralization (VN) was performed and compared with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety-six sera tested positive for FCoV antibodies by VN and ELISA. Interestingly, ELISA revealed 2 more positive sera than did the VN test and 3 more positive sera than did the IFAT. All results were confirmed by Western blotting. ELISA proved to be more sensitive and detected a seroprevalence of about 82%. Considering the cross-reactivity of FCoV type I and type II, ELISA was able to detect antibodies against both serotypes, allowing the use of the assay as a reference test for sera screening. The high prevalence of antibodies observed indicates that FCoVs are common in southern Italian cat populations.

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Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Cited by 44 publications

References 92 publications

Persistence and Evolution of Feline Coronavirus in a Closed Cat-Breeding Colony

Persistence and Evolution of Feline Coronavirus in a Closed Cat-Breeding Colony

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

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